Fig. 4

Matrix of correlation between meteorological-environmental variables and presence-abundance of each Culicoides species in the final mixed-effect negative binomial hurdle model. Red, significant (P < 0.05) favorable effect on presence or abundance of the Culicoides species; blue, significant (P < 0.05) unfavourable effect; stripped, lagged effect of the variable on catch; light colours, less significant effect (P < 0.1); grey, variables retained by the model but without significant effect. For categorical variables, modalities associated with the correlation are represented. For reference modalities in categorical variables and detailed information, see Additional file 4: Tables S4–S8. Abbreviations: Lcmrf, leeward coast mountain rain forest; Wcmrf, windward coast mountain rain forest; Lwf, lowland wet forest; Tf, tamarind forest; Df, dry forest; Sav., savannah