Fig. 4

Effect of Galf formulations on mRNA expression of hepatic immune markers in L. donovani-infected mice. mRNA expression of IFN-γ (a), TNF-α (b), IL-1β (c), IL-12 (d), IL-10 (e) and MCP-1 (f) was evaluated. BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with L. donovani promastigotes and treated from day 14 to day 21 with DPBS (control group), liposomal Amphothericin B (L-AmB), free Galf, liposomal Galf (L-Galf) or empty liposomes (Lipo). Animals were sacrificed 7 days after the end of treatment (day 28). Total RNA was extracted and purified from liver tissue and quantified by comparison to 18S RNA. Each group contained 9 or 10 mice. Mean inductions ± SE are represented by cross bars. Results from treated mice were compared to untreated mice using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01)