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Fig. 5 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 5

From: In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of octyl-β-d-galactofuranoside during Leishmania donovani infection

Fig. 5

Effect of Galf on mRNA expression of immune markers in bone marrow cells from L. donovani-infected mice. mRNA expression of IFN-γ (a), TNF-α (b), IL-1β (c), IL-12 (d), MCP-1 (e) and iNOS (f) was evaluated. BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with L. donovani promastigotes and treated from day 14 to day 21 with DPBS (control group), liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AmB), free Galf, liposomal Galf (L-Galf) or empty liposomes (Lipo). Animals were sacrificed 7 days after the end of treatment (day 28). Total RNA was extracted and purified from bone marrow cells and quantified by comparison to 18S RNA. Each group contained 9 or 10 mice. Mean inductions ± SE are represented by cross bars. Results from treated mice were compared to untreated mice using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01)

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