Fig. 1

Gut microbiota is required for the expression of PGRP-LA. a Relative gene expression of pgrp-la in the midgut and carcass of mosquitoes before (− 24 h IB) and after (+ 24 h IB, + 48 h IB and + 72 h IB) feeding with infectious blood meal. b Relative gene expression of pgrp-la in midgut of sugar-fed (SF), 24 h post normal blood-fed (NB) and infectious blood-fed (IB) mosquitoes. c Relative gene expression of pgrp-la in normal and Abx midguts of sugar-fed (SF), 24 h post normal blood-fed (NB) and infectious blood-fed (IB) mosquitoes. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (n = 8). Results from one of three independent experiments are shown. Significance was determined by Student’s t-test (for details, see Additional file 3: Text S1). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns, not significant