Fig. 5

Gut microbiota is necessary for anti-Plasmodium of PGRP-LA. a Fold change of immune-related genes in antibiotic-treated mosquitoes treated with dsRNA 24 h post-infectious blood meal. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (n = 8). Results from one of three independent experiments are shown. Significance was determined by Student’s t-test (for details, see Additional file 3: Text S1). b Median oocyst number in antibiotics-treated mosquitoes treated with dsRNA. Each dot represents an individual mosquito and horizontal lines represent the medians. Significance was determined by Mann–Whitney test (U = 314.50, P = 0.6729). Abbreviation: ns, not significant