Fig. 2

Infection with Schistosoma japonicum elevates PD-L1 expression and modulates cytokines profile of splenic B cells. a Flow cytometric histograms represent cell surface expression of PD-L1 in splenic and PerC B cells from uninfected mice (black line) and infected mice (red line) at each time point. The shaded histograms represent the FMO control. Significance levels from statistical analysis of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of PD-L1 in splenic and PerC B cells are indicated. b The MFI of PD-L1 in splenic B cell subsets are summarized. The splenic (c) and PerC (d) lymphocytes were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin in the presence of Brefeldin A for 4 h and followed by extracellular and intracellular staining. The percentages of IFN-γ⁺, TGF-β⁺ or IL-10⁺ cells gated on CD19⁺ B cells are shown. All data are representative results of two independent experiments with at least 5 mice per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001