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Fig. 4 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 4

From: Dafachronic acid and temperature regulate canonical dauer pathways during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infectious larvae activation

Fig. 4

Insulin-like peptides are regulated by both temperature and dafachronic acid during N. brasiliensis iL3 activation. a Protein alignment of eight predicted N. brasiliensis insulin-like peptides (ILPs) with human insulin. Predicted signal peptides are highlighted in orange; conserved cysteine residues predicted to form disulfide bonds are in red letters and highlighted in yellow; a conserved glycine residue is highlighted in green; hydrophobic residues needed for helix formation are highlighted in blue; and predicted C-peptides are highlighted in gray with predicted cleavage sites underlined. Nbr-INS-1 through -4 have β type architecture; Nbr-INS-5 through -7 have γ type architecture; and Nbr-INS-8 has δ type architecture. b Transcript abundances were determined for the coding region of eight genes encoding insulin-like peptides, Nbr-ilp-1 through -8, in iL3 treated with either Δ7-dafachronic acid (DA) or the vehicle control (ethanol) for 24 h at 20 °C, 26 °C or 37 °C. TMM-normalized transcript abundance was plotted as the mean counts per million (CPM) for each condition; error bars represent the SEM. Statistical significance was evaluated between 20 °C vehicle and 20 °C DA conditions and also between 20 °C vehicle and 37 °C vehicle conditions; *, fold-change > 2.0, FDR-adjusted P-value < 0.05

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