Table 2 Comparison of prevalence of selected VBP in association with different epidemiological data recorded in the study
From: Stray dogs in Nepal have high prevalence of vector-borne pathogens: a molecular survey
Variable | Total no. of dogs (%) | Number of VBP positive dogs (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any VBP | H. canis | A. platys | E. canis | Leishmania spp. | Theileria spp. | B. vogeli | B. gibsoni | ||
70 | 57 (81.43) | 22 (31.43) | 22 (31.43) | 19 (27.14) | 13 (18.57) | 9 (12.86) | 9 (12.86) | 2 (2.86) | |
Average age | 70 | ||||||||
Positive | na | 4.09 ± 3.30* | 3.96 ± 2.57 | 3.77 ± 2.76 | 5.16 ± 3.39* | 4.40 ± 2.69 | 3.51 ± 3.00 | 2.42 ± 2.05 | 1.75 ± 0.35 |
Negative | na | 2.40 ± 1.09 | 3.7 ± 3.10 | 3.79 ± 3.03 | 3.27 ± 2.59 | 3.64 ± 2.98 | 3.82 ± 2.94 | 3.98 ± 3.00 | 3.84 ± 2.95 |
Sex | 70 | ||||||||
Male | 29 (41.43) | 25 (86.21) | 12 (41.38) | 9 (31.03) | 11 (37.93) | 3 (10.34) | 4 (13.79) | 2 (6.90) | 1 (3.45) |
Female | 41 (58.57) | 32 (78.05) | 10 (24.39) | 13 (31.71) | 8 (19.51) | 10 (24.39) | 5 (12.20) | 7 (17.07) | 1 (2.44) |
Age | 70 | ||||||||
Puppy (<1-year-old) | 8 (11.43) | 5 (62.50) | 1 (12.50) | 2 (25.00) | 0 (0) | 1 (12.50) | 3 (37.50)* | 1 (12.50) | 0 (0) |
Adult (1–5-year-old) | 42 (60.00) | 34 (80.95) | 15 (35.71) | 13 (30.95) | 12 (28.57) | 6 (14.29) | 3 (7.14) | 7 (16.67) | 2 (4.76) |
Mature adult (>5-year-old) | 20 (28.57) | 18 (90.00) | 6 (30.00) | 7 (35.00) | 7 (35) | 6 (30.00) | 3 (15.00) | 1 (5.00) | 0 (0) |
Spay/neutered | 70 | ||||||||
Yes | 29 (41.43) | 26 (89.66) | 10 (34.48) | 8 (27.59) | 12 (41.38)* | 7 (24.14) | 3 (10.34) | 2 (6.90) | 1 (3.45) |
No | 41 (58.57) | 31 (75.61) | 12 (29.27) | 14 (34.15) | 7 (17.07) | 6 (14.63) | 6 (14.63) | 7 (17.07) | 1 (2.44) |
BCS | 70 | ||||||||
Underweight (1–< 5) | 34 (48.57) | 26 (76.47) | 10 (29.41) | 8 (23.53) | 10 (29.41) | 6 (17.65) | 3 (8.82) | 6 (17.65) | 0 (0) |
Normal weight (5) | 23 (32.86) | 18 (78.26) | 9 (39.13) | 9 (39.13) | 5 (21.74) | 3 (13.04) | 3 (13.04) | 2 (8.70) | 2 (8.70) |
Overweight (> 5–9) | 13 (18.57) | 13 (100) | 3 (23.08) | 5 (38.46) | 4 (30.77) | 4 (30.77) | 3 (23.08) | 1 (7.69) | 0 (0) |
Clinical signs | 70 | ||||||||
Yes | 46 (65.71) | 39 (84.71) | 15 (32.61) | 14 (30.43) | 15 (32.61) | 8 (17.39) | 6 (13.04) | 5 (10.87) | 1 (2.17) |
No | 24 (34.39) | 18 (75.00) | 7 (29.17) | 8 (33.33) | 4 (16.67) | 5 (20.83) | 3 (12.50) | 4 (16.67) | 1 (4.17) |
Mucous membrane | 70 | ||||||||
Normal | 62 (88.57) | 51 (82.26) | 21 (33.87) | 19 (30.65) | 17 (27.42) | 12 (19.35) | 7 (11.29) | 8 (12.90) | 2 (3.23) |
Pallor | 8 (11.43) | 6 (75.00) | 1 (12.50) | 3 (37.50) | 2 (25.00) | 1 (12.50) | 2 (25.00) | 1 (12.50) | 0 (0) |
CRT | 70 | ||||||||
Normal CRT | 67 (95.71) | 54 (80.60) | 21 (31.34) | 21 (31.34) | 18 (26.87) | 12 (17.91) | 9 (13.43) | 9 (13.43) | 2 (2.99) |
Longer than 2 sec | 3 (4.29) | 3 (100) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Dehydration | 70 | ||||||||
Yes | 2 (2.86) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (50.00) | 1 (50.00) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
No | 68 (97.14) | 55 (80.88) | 22 (32.35) | 22 (32.35) | 18 (26.47) | 12 (17.65) | 9 (13.24) | 9 (13.24) | 2 (2.94) |
Lymphadenopathies | 70 | ||||||||
Yes | 2 (2.86) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (50.00) | 1 (50.00) | 0 (0) | 1 (50.00) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
No | 68 (97.14) | 55 (80.88) | 22 (32.35) | 21 (30.88) | 18 (26.47) | 13 (19.12) | 8 (11.76) | 9 (13.24) | 2 (2.94) |
Tick infestation | 70 | ||||||||
Yes | 42 (60.00) | 37 (88.10) | 15 (35.71) | 14 (33.33) | 13 (30.95) | 5 (11.90) | 7 (16.67) | 4 (9.52) | 2 (4.76) |
No | 28 (40.00) | 20 (71.43) | 7 (25.00) | 8 (28.57) | 6 (21.43) | 8 (28.57) | 2 (7.14) | 5 (17.86) | 0 (0) |
Flea infestation | 70 | ||||||||
Yes | 31 (44.29) | 25 (80.65) | 7 (22.58) | 13 (41.94) | 6 (19.35) | 5 (16.13) | 4 (12.90) | 5 (16.13) | 0 (0) |
No | 39 (55.71) | 32 (82.05) | 15 (38.46) | 9 (23.08) | 13 (33.33) | 8 (20.51) | 5 (12.82) | 4 (10.26) | 2 (5.13) |
Mange | 70 | ||||||||
Yes | 23 (32.86) | 19 (82.61) | 9 (39.13) | 7 (30.43) | 7 (30.43) | 4 (17.39) | 4 (17.39) | 4 (17.39) | 0 (0) |
No | 47 (67.14) | 38 (80.85) | 13 (27.66) | 15 (31.91) | 12 (25.53) | 9 (19.15) | 5 (10.64) | 5 (10.64) | 2 (4.26) |