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Table 1 List of 26 amastigote proteins, their secretory potential, antigenicity scores and relevant reports

From: An immunoinformatic approach driven by experimental proteomics: in silico design of a subunit candidate vaccine targeting secretory proteins of Leishmania donovani amastigotes

SN.

UniProt ID

Name

Secretion annotation

Status in amastigote

Antigenicity (VaxiJen/ ANTIGENpro)

Reference

Association of target protein or its homolog with parasite and/or infection

Report on immune activity against similar protein of Leishmania (source spp.)

1

E9BT80

Elongation factor 2

Experimental

Increased

0.517/0.614

[25]

Protein synthesis; associated with increased drug resistance [95]

Th1 pathway stimulatory in vitro and protective in vivo (L. donovani) [96]

2

E9BTS3

Chaperonin HSP60, mitochondrial

Experimental

Specifica

0.568/0.701

[57]

Protein folding/re-folding; upregulated in axenic amastigotes [97, 98]

Immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) and dog (L. infantum) [99, 100]

3

A4GVE9

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A

Experimental

Specifica

0.575/0.868

[57]

Viability and proliferation [101]

Cross-protective in vivo (L. braziliensis) [102, 103]

4

O43941

Protein phosphatase-2C

Experimental

Specifica

0.584/0.910

[57]

Potential to regulate stress signal; upregulated in drug resistance phenotype [104]

Pro-inflammatory in vitro (L. donovani) [105]

5

E9BT68

Stress-inducible protein STI1 homolog

Experimental

Increased

0.634/0.908

[25]

Co-chaperone; preferential expression in macrophages [106]

Unknown

6

E9BK18

Heat-shock protein hsp70, putative

Experimental

Increased

0.521/0.916

[25]

Protein folding; drug resistance; phosphoprotein activity [107]

Immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) and dog (L. infantum) [108, 109]

7

E9BIV4

Proteasome endopeptidase complex

Experimental

Increased

0.623/0.676

[58]

Growth and intra-cellular survival; regulation of microbicidal activity [110]

Immuneproteomic detection (L. infantum) [111]

8

P17804

Heat-shock 70 kDa protein

Experimental

Specifica

0.534/0.920

[57]

protein folding; upregulated in drug resistance phenotype; Phosphoprotein activity [107]

Immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) and dog (L. infantum) [108, 109]

9

B5APK3

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase

Experimental

Specifica

0.691/0.762

[57]

Metabolism (purine salvage pathway); preservation of host-cell integrity [112]

Immunoreactive in vitro (L. amazonesis) [112]

10

E9BTS2

Chaperonin HSP60, mitochondrial

Experimental

Increased

0.956/0.791

[25]

Protein folding/re-folding; increased expression in axenic amastigotes [97, 98]

Immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) and dog (L. infantum) [99, 100]

11

E9BI90

Glutathione peroxidase

Experimental

Increased

0.564/0.886

[25]

ROS detoxification (identical to type II tryparedoxin peroxidase) [113]

Unknown

12

E9BDB8

Uncharacterized protein (containing META domain)

Predictive (non-classical)

Increased

0.503/0.872

[25]

Possible protection from intracellular stress (predicted from sequence homology to Q8MTW1) [114]

Unknown

13

E9BI76

Protein disulfide isomerase, putative

Predictive (classical)

Increased

0.513/0.500

[25]

Potential role in growth and virulence; high expression in amastigotes [115]

Th1 pathway stimulatory in vitro and cellular immunity inducive in vivo (L. donovani) [116]

14

E9BKN2

Cysteine peptidase C (CPC)

Predictive (classical)

Increased

0.518/0.948

[25]

Virulence in host via regualtion of parasite secreted proteins [117]

Protective response and antigenicity in vivo by recombinatorial vaccine (L. infantum) [118]

15

E9BJQ0

Uncharacterized protein

Predictive (non-classical)

Specifica

0.520/0.739

[57]

Unknown function

Unknown

16

E9BS02

Thioredoxin-like protein

Predictive (non-classical)

Increased

0.536/0.749

[25]

Antioxidant activity (general function)

Unknown

17

E9BQ40

Uncharacterized protein (containing alpha/beta hydrolase domain)

Predictive (non-classical)

Increased

0.557/0.740

[25]

Unknown function; upregulation of similar domain containing protein in amastigotes [119]

Unknown

18

E9BUW4

Mkiaa0324 protein-like protein (serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2)

Predictive (non-classical)

Increased

0.590/0.890

[25]

Unknown function; upregulated in drug resistance phenotype [120]

Unknown

19

E9BBJ4

Uncharacterized protein (containing Complex1_LYR_1 motif)

Predictive (non-classical)

Specifica

0.597/0.632

[57]

Possible role in metabolic switching by regulating glucose uptake (predicted) [121]

Unknown

20

E9BNJ3

Uncharacterized protein (containing RNA recognition motif RRM_8)

Predictive (non-classical)

Increased

0.600/0.934

[58]

Unknown function

Unknown

21

P23223

Leishmanolysin

Predictive (non-classical)

Increased

0.609/0.535

[25]

Host invasion, phagocytosis and immune-evasion [122]

Th1 dominant and protective response in vivo (L. donovani) [123]

22

E9B882

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytosolic, putative

Predictive (non-classical)

Increased

0.639/0.657

[25]

Virulence and replication inside host [124]

Unknown

23

E9B833

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme e2, putative

Predictive (non-classical)

Increased

0.649/0.825

[25]

Ubiquitin conjugation system; proteasomal degradation of proteins [125]

Unknown

24

Q95WR6

Cysteine protease

Predictive (classical)

Increased

0.658/0.792

[58]

Parasite growth and host pathogenesis; upregulated in drug resistance phenotype [126]

Immunoreactive in plasma of human (L. donovani) [127]

25

E9BKM5

Lipophosphoglycan biosynthetic protein, putative

Predictive (classical)

Increased

0.668/0.733

[25]

Processing and transport of secreted proteins; chaperone; endoplasmin homolog; upregulated in amastigotes; heparin binding [128, 129]

Immunogenic in vivo and immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) [130]

26

E9BED5

Cysteine peptidase A (CPA)

Predictive (classical)

Increased

0.670/0.939

[25]

Host-parasite interaction [131]

Th1 pathway stimulatory and cross-protective in vivo (L. infantum) [10]

  1. aFound to be present at detectable level