SN. | UniProt ID | Name | Secretion annotation | Status in amastigote | Antigenicity (VaxiJen/ ANTIGENpro) | Reference | Association of target protein or its homolog with parasite and/or infection | Report on immune activity against similar protein of Leishmania (source spp.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | E9BT80 | Elongation factor 2 | Experimental | Increased | 0.517/0.614 | [25] | Protein synthesis; associated with increased drug resistance [95] | Th1 pathway stimulatory in vitro and protective in vivo (L. donovani) [96] |
2 | E9BTS3 | Chaperonin HSP60, mitochondrial | Experimental | Specifica | 0.568/0.701 | [57] | Protein folding/re-folding; upregulated in axenic amastigotes [97, 98] | Immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) and dog (L. infantum) [99, 100] |
3 | A4GVE9 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A | Experimental | Specifica | 0.575/0.868 | [57] | Viability and proliferation [101] | |
4 | O43941 | Protein phosphatase-2C | Experimental | Specifica | 0.584/0.910 | [57] | Potential to regulate stress signal; upregulated in drug resistance phenotype [104] | Pro-inflammatory in vitro (L. donovani) [105] |
5 | E9BT68 | Stress-inducible protein STI1 homolog | Experimental | Increased | 0.634/0.908 | [25] | Co-chaperone; preferential expression in macrophages [106] | Unknown |
6 | E9BK18 | Heat-shock protein hsp70, putative | Experimental | Increased | 0.521/0.916 | [25] | Protein folding; drug resistance; phosphoprotein activity [107] | Immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) and dog (L. infantum) [108, 109] |
7 | E9BIV4 | Proteasome endopeptidase complex | Experimental | Increased | 0.623/0.676 | [58] | Growth and intra-cellular survival; regulation of microbicidal activity [110] | Immuneproteomic detection (L. infantum) [111] |
8 | P17804 | Heat-shock 70 kDa protein | Experimental | Specifica | 0.534/0.920 | [57] | protein folding; upregulated in drug resistance phenotype; Phosphoprotein activity [107] | Immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) and dog (L. infantum) [108, 109] |
9 | B5APK3 | Nucleoside diphosphate kinase | Experimental | Specifica | 0.691/0.762 | [57] | Metabolism (purine salvage pathway); preservation of host-cell integrity [112] | Immunoreactive in vitro (L. amazonesis) [112] |
10 | E9BTS2 | Chaperonin HSP60, mitochondrial | Experimental | Increased | 0.956/0.791 | [25] | Protein folding/re-folding; increased expression in axenic amastigotes [97, 98] | Immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) and dog (L. infantum) [99, 100] |
11 | E9BI90 | Glutathione peroxidase | Experimental | Increased | 0.564/0.886 | [25] | ROS detoxification (identical to type II tryparedoxin peroxidase) [113] | Unknown |
12 | E9BDB8 | Uncharacterized protein (containing META domain) | Predictive (non-classical) | Increased | 0.503/0.872 | [25] | Possible protection from intracellular stress (predicted from sequence homology to Q8MTW1) [114] | Unknown |
13 | E9BI76 | Protein disulfide isomerase, putative | Predictive (classical) | Increased | 0.513/0.500 | [25] | Potential role in growth and virulence; high expression in amastigotes [115] | Th1 pathway stimulatory in vitro and cellular immunity inducive in vivo (L. donovani) [116] |
14 | E9BKN2 | Cysteine peptidase C (CPC) | Predictive (classical) | Increased | 0.518/0.948 | [25] | Virulence in host via regualtion of parasite secreted proteins [117] | Protective response and antigenicity in vivo by recombinatorial vaccine (L. infantum) [118] |
15 | E9BJQ0 | Uncharacterized protein | Predictive (non-classical) | Specifica | 0.520/0.739 | [57] | Unknown function | Unknown |
16 | E9BS02 | Thioredoxin-like protein | Predictive (non-classical) | Increased | 0.536/0.749 | [25] | Antioxidant activity (general function) | Unknown |
17 | E9BQ40 | Uncharacterized protein (containing alpha/beta hydrolase domain) | Predictive (non-classical) | Increased | 0.557/0.740 | [25] | Unknown function; upregulation of similar domain containing protein in amastigotes [119] | Unknown |
18 | E9BUW4 | Mkiaa0324 protein-like protein (serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2) | Predictive (non-classical) | Increased | 0.590/0.890 | [25] | Unknown function; upregulated in drug resistance phenotype [120] | Unknown |
19 | E9BBJ4 | Uncharacterized protein (containing Complex1_LYR_1 motif) | Predictive (non-classical) | Specifica | 0.597/0.632 | [57] | Possible role in metabolic switching by regulating glucose uptake (predicted) [121] | Unknown |
20 | E9BNJ3 | Uncharacterized protein (containing RNA recognition motif RRM_8) | Predictive (non-classical) | Increased | 0.600/0.934 | [58] | Unknown function | Unknown |
21 | P23223 | Leishmanolysin | Predictive (non-classical) | Increased | 0.609/0.535 | [25] | Host invasion, phagocytosis and immune-evasion [122] | Th1 dominant and protective response in vivo (L. donovani) [123] |
22 | E9B882 | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytosolic, putative | Predictive (non-classical) | Increased | 0.639/0.657 | [25] | Virulence and replication inside host [124] | Unknown |
23 | E9B833 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme e2, putative | Predictive (non-classical) | Increased | 0.649/0.825 | [25] | Ubiquitin conjugation system; proteasomal degradation of proteins [125] | Unknown |
24 | Q95WR6 | Cysteine protease | Predictive (classical) | Increased | 0.658/0.792 | [58] | Parasite growth and host pathogenesis; upregulated in drug resistance phenotype [126] | Immunoreactive in plasma of human (L. donovani) [127] |
25 | E9BKM5 | Lipophosphoglycan biosynthetic protein, putative | Predictive (classical) | Increased | 0.668/0.733 | [25] | Processing and transport of secreted proteins; chaperone; endoplasmin homolog; upregulated in amastigotes; heparin binding [128, 129] | Immunogenic in vivo and immunoreactive in sera of human (L. major) [130] |
26 | E9BED5 | Cysteine peptidase A (CPA) | Predictive (classical) | Increased | 0.670/0.939 | [25] | Host-parasite interaction [131] | Th1 pathway stimulatory and cross-protective in vivo (L. infantum) [10] |