Protist enteroparasites in wild boar (Sus scrofa ferus) and black Iberian pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in southern Spain: a protective effect on hepatitis E acquisition?

Table 3 Prevalence of detectable HEV RNA in faeces, serum, and overall, according to presence of the enteroparasite species analysed

Positive for	HEV+	HEV−	P-value	HEVs+	HEVs−	P-value	HEVf+	HEVf−	P-value
Positive for	n (%)	n (%)	P-value	n (%)	n (%)	P-value	n (%)	n (%)	P-value
Global swine population
Giardia duodenalis	8 (11.0)	56 (22.0)	0.044	4 (7.3)	60 (22)	0.014	4 (13.3)	60 (20.1)	0.473
Cryptosporidium spp.	7 (9.6)	20 (7.8)	0.632	5 (9.1)	22 (8.1)	0.789	3 (10.0)	24 (8.1)	0.725
Blastocystis sp.	22 (30.1)	115 (45.1)	0.023	12 (21.8)	125 (45.8)	0.001	15 (50.0)	122 (40.9)	0.340
Neobalantidium spp.^a	23 (32.9)	80 (34.5)	0.886	17 (32.1)	86 (34.5)	0.873	9 (31.0)	94 (34.4)	0.838
Strongyloides spp.	5 (6.8)	24 (9.4)	0.642	3 (5.5)	26 (9.5)	0.440	3 (10.0)	26 (8.7)	0.738
Black Iberian pigs
Giardia duodenalis	3 (7.1)	29 (20.1)	0.062	1 (3.2)	31 (20.0)	0.020	2 (10.5)	30 (18.0)	0.537
Cryptosporidium spp.	3 (7.1)	15 (10.4)	0.768	3 (9.7)	15 (9.7)	0.990	1 (5.3)	17 (10.2)	0.700
Blastocystis sp.	22 (52.4)	114 (79.2)	0.001	12 (38.7)	124 (80.0)	< 0.001	15 (78.9)	121 (72.5)	0.785
Neobalantidium spp.^b	18 (43.9)	69 (55.6)	0.210	13 (41.9)	74 (55.2)	0.232	8 (44.4)	79 (53.7)	0.467
Strongyloides spp.	4 (9.5)	18 (12.5)	0.788	3 (9.7)	19 (12.3)	0.990	2 (10.5)	20 (12.0)	0.990
Wild boars
Giardia duodenalis	5 (16.1)	27 (24.3)	0.467	3 (12.5)	29 (24.6)	0.285	2 (18.2)	30 (22.9)	0.990
Cryptosporidium spp.	4 (12.9)	5 (4.5)	0.105	2 (8.3)	7 (5.9)	0.648	2 (18.2)	7 (5.3)	0.146
Blastocystis sp.	0 (0)	1 (0.9)	0.990	0 (0)	1 (0.8)	0.990	0 (0)	1 (0.8)	0.990
Neobalantidium spp.^c	5 (17.2)	11 (10.2)	0.330	4 (18.2)	12 (10.4)	0.290	1 (9.1)	15 (11.9)	0.990
Strongyloides spp.	1 (3.2)	6 (5.4)	0.990	0 (0)	7 (5.9)	0.602	1 (9.1)	6 (4.6)	0.439

^aAvailable in 302 swines
^bAvailable in 165 black Iberian pigs
^cAvailable in 137 wild boars
Note: Bold values denote statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level
Abbreviations: HEV, hepatitis E virus; HEVs+, positive serum samples for hepatitis E virus; HEVf+, positive faecal samples for hepatitis E virus

ISSN: 1756-3305