Fig. 8From: Transinfection of buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans exigua) with Wolbachia and effect on host biologyFitness effects on buffalo fly post-pupal injection with Wolbachia. aWolbachia delayed adult emergence. b A significant decrease in adult emergence was observed in wMel (P = 0.0030) and wMelPop (P = 0.0011) injected pupae when analysed using Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Nearly 5% of wMelPop flies either failed to completely eclose from the pupal case or had deformed wingsBack to article page