Penguins are competent hosts of Haemoproteus parasites: the first detection of gametocytes, with molecular characterization of Haemoproteus larae

Table 2 Lineages of Haemoproteus previously detected from penguins and Larus gulls

	Lineage^a	GenBank ID	Host species	Status	Continent	Country	Locality	References
Haemoproteus lineages from penguins (Sphenisciformes)	APPAT01	AB604312	Aptenodytes patagonicus	Captive	Asia	Japan	Hokkaido	Sasaki et al. (unpublished)
	DIGCAE01^c	KC121057	Spheniscus mendiculus	Wild	South America	Ecuador	Galapagos	[21]
	EUMIN01^c	KC121056	Eudyptula minor	Wild	Australia	Australia	Penguin Island	[21]
	EUMIN02^c	KC121053	Eudyptula minor	Wild	Australia	Australia	Penguin Island	[21]
	HYPHI07	AB604313	Eudyptes chrysocome	Captive	Asia	Japan	Hokkaido	Sasaki et al. (unpublished)
	PE101^b,d	KJ561806	Spheniscus humboldti	Wild	South America	Peru	Punta San Juan	[19]
	PE112^b,d	KJ561807	Spheniscus humboldti	Wild	South America	Peru	Punta San Juan	[19]
	SPHUM04	AB604311	Spheniscus humboldti	Captive	Asia	Japan	Kanagawa	Sasaki et al. (unpublished)
	SPMAG12	AB604310	Spheniscus magellanicus	Captive	Asia	Japan	Miyagi	Sasaki et al. (unpublished)
			Spheniscus demersus	Captive	Asia	Japan		Present study
			Spheniscus magellanicus	Captive	Asia	Japan		Present study
	SPMEN02^d	GQ395686	Spheniscus mendiculus	Wild	South America	Ecuador	Galapagos	[18]
Haemoproteus linages from Larus spp.	Anja3D^b,d	GQ404558	Larus scoresbii	Wild	Europe	UK	New Island	[67]
	LARCAC01^d	AF465593	Larus cachinnans	Wild	Europe	Spain		[68]
	LARCRA01	EF380176	Larus crassirostris	Wild	Asia	South Korea		[69]
			Larus crassirostris	Captive	Asia	Japan	Chiba	[27]
			Larus canus	Captive	Asia	Japan	Chiba	[27]
	LARCRA02	LC230123	Larus crassirostris	Captive	Asia	Japan	Chiba	[27]

^aCodes of lineages are given according to MalAvi database, unless otherwise denoted
^bCodes of lineages are given according to the GenBank database metadata
^cThere is debate on the validity of these records, see text
^dLineages shorter than 400 bp in the partial cytb gene sequence investigated in this study; these were excluded from phylogenetic analysis

ISSN: 1756-3305