Fig. 7

Fold regulation (qPCR) in M1 and M2 cytokine gene expression induced by T. pisiformis cysticercus exosome-like vesicles in RAW264.7 macrophages. LPS and IL-4 served as positive controls for M1 phenotype and M2 phenotype molecules, respectively. PBS served as the negative control for cytokine stimulaton. a, b, g Induction of M1 markers in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with T. pisiformis cysticercus exosome-like vesicles. c-f, h Induction of M2 markers in RAW264.7 macrophages by T. pisiformis cysticercus exosome-like vesicles. Data for the final analysis are from three independent experiments and are expressed as the mean ± standard error (SE). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 were considered statistically significant compared to PBS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. ^#P <  0.05, ^##P < 0.01 and ^###P < 0.001 were considered statistically significant compared to LPS/IL-4 treated RAW264.7 macrophages (Additional file 5: Table S9)