Characteristics of persistent hotspots of Schistosoma mansoni in western Côte d’Ivoire

Assaré, Rufin K.; N’Tamon, Roméo N.; Bellai, Louise G.; Koffi, Judicaelle A.; Mathieu, Tra-Bi I.; Ouattara, Mamadou; Hürlimann, Eveline; Coulibaly, Jean T.; Diabaté, Salia; N’Goran, Eliézer K.; Utzinger, Jürg

doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04188-x

Parasites & Vectors

Table 7 Water-related activities in the six schools of a large SCORE study in western Côte d’Ivoire in November 2016

From: Characteristics of persistent hotspots of Schistosoma mansoni in western Côte d’Ivoire

Variable	Overall		Persistent hotspot schools								Low-prevalence schools				P-value
	Overall		Gbadrou		Mona		Ziondrou		Zoukougbeu		Tobly Bangolo		Zê
	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)
Do you ever do the following activities^a in a lake, pond or stream?
Yes	169	61.7	35	79.6	23	50.0	32	72.7	22	44.9	21	45.6	36	80.0
No	105	38.3	9	20.4	23	50.0	12	27.3	27	55.1	25	54.4	9	20.0	0.028
Have you, in the past month, done any of the following activities^a in a lake, pond or stream?
Yes	138	50.4	30	68.2	17	36.9	27	61.4	14	28.6	17	36.9	33	73.3
No	136	49.6	14	31.8	29	63.1	17	38.4	35	71.4	29	63.1	12	26.7	0.402
Do you play in a dam?
Yes	5	1.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2.0	4	8.7	0	0
No	269	98.2	44	100	46	100	44	100	48	98.0	42	91.3	45	100	0.025
Do you play in a pond?
Yes	7	2.5	2	4.5	0	0	5	11.4	0	0	0	0	0	0
No	267	97.5	42	95.5	46	100	39	88.6	49	100	46	100	45	100	0.059
Do you play in backwater?
Yes	21	7.7	4	9.1	3	6.5	9	20.5	1	2.0	3	6.5	1	97.8
No	253	92.3	40	90.9	43	93.5	35	79.5	48	98.0	43	93.5	44	2.3	0.152
Do you play in a river?
Yes	94	34.3	23	52.3	10	21.7	9	20.5	10	79.6	11	23.9	31	68.9
No	180	65.7	21	47.7	36	78.3	35	79.5	39	20.4	35	76.1	14	31.1	0.004
Do you wash the laundry in a dam?
Yes	5	1.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2.0	4	8.7	0	0
No	269	98.2	44	100	46	100	44	100	48	98.0	42	91.3	45	100	0.025
Do you wash the laundry in a pond?
Yes	7	2.6	2	4.5	0	0	5	11.4	0	0	0	0	0	0
No	267	97.4	42	95.5	46	100	39	88.6	49	100	46	100	45	100	0.059
Laundry in backwater
Yes	25	9.2	5	11.4	2	4.4	12	27.3	0	0	4	8.7	2	4.4	0.305
No	249	90.8	39	88.6	44	95.6	32	72.7	49	100	42	91.3	43	95.6
Laundry in a river
Yes	97	35.4	27	61.4	14	30.4	9	20.5	11	22.5	4	8.7	32	71.1	0.310
No	177	64.6	17	38.6	32	69.6	35	79.5	38	77.5	42	91.3	13	28.9
Bathe in a lake
Yes	3	1.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2.0	2	4.4	0	0	0.216
No	271	98.9	44	100	46	100	44	100	48	98.0	44	95.6	45	100
Bathe in a pond
Yes	6	2.2	2	4.5	0	0	4	9.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.081
No	268	97.8	42	95.5	46	100	40	90.9	49	100	46	100	45	100
Bathe in backwater
Yes	16	5.8	2	4.5	1	2.2	11	25.0	1	2.0	1	2.2	0	0	0.018
No	258	94.2	42	95.5	45	97.8	33	75.0	48	98.0	45	97.8	45	100
Bathe in a river
Yes	69	25.2	20	45.5	7	15.2	9	20.5	8	16.3	3	6.5	22	48.9	0.538
No	205	74.8	24	54.5	39	84.8	35	79.5	41	83.7	43	93.5	23	51.1
Collect water from a lake or dam
Yes	3	1.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2.0	2	4.4	0	0	0.212
No	270	98.9	44	100	46	100	44	100	48	97.9	44	95.6	44	100
Collect water from a pond
Yes	5	1.8	3	6.8	0	0	2	4.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.112
No	269	98.2	41	93.2	46	100	42	95.5	49	100	46	100	45	100
Collect water from backwater
Yes	28	10.2	5	11.4	2	4.4	15	34.1	3	6.1	2	4.4	1	2.2	0.008
No	246	89.8	39	88.6	44	95.6	29	65.9	46	93.9	44	95.6	44	97.8
Collect water from river
Yes	43	15.7	14	31.8	6	13.0	9	20.5	4	8.2	2	4.4	8	17.8	0.131
No	231	84.3	30	68.8	40	87.0	35	79.5	45	91.8	44	95.6	37	82.2
Play in stagnant water
Yes	32	11.7	6	13.6	3	6.5	13	29.5	2	4.1	7	15.2	1	2.2	0.294
No	242	88.3	38	86.4	43	93.5	31	70.5	47	95.9	39	84.8	44	97.8
Laundry in stagnant water
Yes	36	13.1	7	15.9	2	4.4	16	36.4	1	2.0	8	17.4	2	4.4	0.458
No	238	86.8	37	84.1	44	95.6	28	63.6	48	98.0	38	82.6	43	95.6
Collect stagnant water for domestic or agricultural use
Yes	34	12.4	7	15.9	2	4.4	16	36.4	4	8.2	4	8.7	1	2.2	0.014
No	240	87.6	37	84.1	42	95.6	28	63.6	45	91.8	42	91.3	44	97.8
Bathe^b
Yes	24	8.8	4	9.1	1	2.2	14	31.8	2	4.1	3	6.5	0	0	0.024
No	250	91.2	40	90.9	45	97.8	30	68.2	47	95.9	43	93.5	45	100

^aUse stagnant water source such as pond, lake, or backwater for bathing
^bActivities: to wash the laundry, playing, bathing and collecting water for domestic or agriculture use

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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