Fig. 4

Alpha diversity analysis. Estimation of species richness and evenness using the number of observed OTUs (a) (Kruskal–Wallis H-test, H = 18.8, df = 1, P = 0.053) and Shannon diversity index (b) (Kruskal–Wallis H-test, H = 3.2, df = 1, P = 0.309). For both measures, mosquitoes infected with Dirofilaria immitis exhibited reduced alpha diversity