Fig. 1

FgESPs induce differentiation of buffalo DCs and the cascaded T cells in vitro. a The mRNA levels of the most representative phenotype-associated markers for DC1, DC2 and DCreg cluster in buffalo DCs after incubation with FgESPs or PBS for 48 h. b The mRNA levels of the most representative cytokines and transcription factors for Th1, Th2 and Treg in the mixture of buffalo DCs and lymphocytes after the MLR in the presence of FgESPs or PBS for 48 h. The data is represented as the relative mRNA expression level, calculated by the 2^−ΔΔCq method. c Production of the most representative cytokines in co-culture supernatants of buffalo DCs and lymphocytes. Representative histogram from three independent experiments are shown. All data are presented as the mean ± standard error (SE) of triplicate measurements. *P < 0.05