Fig. 2

FgESPs induce apoptosis of buffalo DCs in vitro. a Buffalo DCs occurred morphological structure changes as representative of apoptotic features after the treatment of FgESPs for 48 h. b Caspase-3/7 activity was significantly increased in buffalo DCs after incubation with FgESPs. c The mRNA expression level of pro-apoptotic marker Bax was significantly upregulated, while the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 were both downregulated in the FgESPs-treated DCs. The data are represented as the relative mRNA expression level, calculated by 2^−ΔΔCq method. Representative histograms from three independent experiments are shown. All data are presented as the mean ± standard error (SE) of triplicate measurements. **P < 0.01