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Fig. 3 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 3

From: The great potential of entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus for mosquito control: a review

Fig. 3

Schematic drawing summarizing the mechanisms related to Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus for the control of culicids. 1Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdusin increase the toxic effect of Cry4Ba derived from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israliensis against Aedes aegypti.2Xenorhabdus liprotein toxin has the ability to create pores on the apical surface of cells in the anterior midgut of mosquitoes but in the anterior portion of the middle intestine, causing cell death. 3Xenorhabdus nematophila (Xrn) secretes proteins and secondary metabolites that are effective in the control of culicids, while Photorhabdus asymbiotica (Pra) produce PirAB proteins, which have already been tested on Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and are toxic even by oral administration. Abbreviations: Xr, Xenorhabdus; Pr, Photorhabdus; Bti, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israliensis; Xlt, Xenorhabdus lipoprotein toxin; Xrn, Xenorhabdus nematophila; Pra, Photorhabdus asymbiotica

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