Category | All dogs (n = 1623) | Dogs positive for A. vasorum (n = 198) | Dogs negative for A. vasorum (n = 1425) | Fisher’s exact test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | Pa/p-valueb | |
Risk factors | |||||||
History of eating snails/frogs | 1001 | 61.7 | 117 | 59.1 | 884 | 62.0 | 0.0449/0.4360 |
Active hunting dog | 411 | 25.3 | 56 | 28.3 | 355 | 24.9 | 0.0404/0.3373 |
Foxes seen in the area | 1437 | 88.5 | 184 | 92.9 | 1253 | 87.9 | 0.0104/0.0422 |
Previous history or ongoing A. vasorum infection in household | 162 | 10.0 | 39 | 19.7 | 123 | 8.6 | 4.24×10−6/< 0.0001 |
Clinical signs | |||||||
Coughing | 812 | 50.0 | 115 | 58.1 | 697 | 48.9 | 0.0033, 0.0185 |
Dyspnea | 358 | 22.1 | 61 | 30.8 | 297 | 20.8 | 0.0006/0.0024 |
Tachypnoea | 290 | 17.9 | 48 | 24.2 | 242 | 17.0 | 0.0039/0.0171 |
Increased lung sounds at auscultation or crackles | 356 | 21.9 | 79 | 39.9 | 277 | 19.4 | 4.36×10−10/< 0.0001 |
Bleeding disorder | 84 | 5.2 | 31 | 15.7 | 53 | 3.7 | 1.27×10−9/< 0.0001 |
Pale mucous membranes | 160 | 9.9 | 54 | 27.3 | 106 | 7.4 | 1.73×10−14/< 0.0001 |
Petechiae or ecchymosis | 55 | 3.4 | 25 | 12.6 | 30 | 2.1 | 3.42×10−10/< 0.0001 |
Exercise intolerance | 449 | 27.7 | 100 | 50.5 | 349 | 24.5 | 1.62×10−13/< 0.0001 |
Syncope | 48 | 3.0 | 15 | 7.6 | 33 | 2.3 | 0.0002/0.0003 |
Seizure | 44 | 2.7 | 11 | 5.6 | 33 | 2.3 | 0.0087/0.0164 |
Tremor | 51 | 3.1 | 11 | 5.6 | 40 | 2.8 | 0.0224/0.0484 |
Blindness | 20 | 1.2 | 5 | 2.5 | 15 | 1.1 | 0.0591/0.0862 |
Thoracic radiographic or ultrasonographic signs | 159 | 9.8 | 54 | 27.3 | 105 | 7.4 | 1.27×10−14/< 0.0001 |
Diarrhea | 145 | 8.9 | 13 | 6.6 | 132 | 9.3 | 0.0516/0.2338 |
Vomiting | 156 | 9.6 | 26 | 13.1 | 130 | 9.1 | 0.0208/0.0930 |
Laboratory abnormalitiesc | 179 | 11.0 | 54 | 27.3 | 125 | 8.8 | 3.44×10−12/< 0.0001 |
Other signsd | 104 | 6.4 | 34 | 17.2 | 70 | 4.9 | 7.16×10−9/< 0.0001 |