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Table 3 Potential risk factors and clinical signs reported in the survey study: in all enrolled dogs, and in the dogs that were positive or negative for Angiostrongylus vasorum infection

From: Field safety and efficacy of an orally administered combination of sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio®) for the prevention of angiostrongylosis in dogs presented as veterinary patients

Category

All dogs

(n = 1623)

Dogs positive for A. vasorum

(n = 198)

Dogs negative for A. vasorum

(n = 1425)

Fisher’s exact test

n

%

n

%

n

%

Pa/p-valueb

Risk factors

 History of eating snails/frogs

1001

61.7

117

59.1

884

62.0

0.0449/0.4360

 Active hunting dog

411

25.3

56

28.3

355

24.9

0.0404/0.3373

 Foxes seen in the area

1437

88.5

184

92.9

1253

87.9

0.0104/0.0422

 Previous history or ongoing A. vasorum infection in household

162

10.0

39

19.7

123

8.6

4.24×10−6/< 0.0001

Clinical signs

 Coughing

812

50.0

115

58.1

697

48.9

0.0033, 0.0185

 Dyspnea

358

22.1

61

30.8

297

20.8

0.0006/0.0024

 Tachypnoea

290

17.9

48

24.2

242

17.0

0.0039/0.0171

 Increased lung sounds at auscultation or crackles

356

21.9

79

39.9

277

19.4

4.36×10−10/< 0.0001

 Bleeding disorder

84

5.2

31

15.7

53

3.7

1.27×10−9/< 0.0001

 Pale mucous membranes

160

9.9

54

27.3

106

7.4

1.73×10−14/< 0.0001

 Petechiae or ecchymosis

55

3.4

25

12.6

30

2.1

3.42×10−10/< 0.0001

 Exercise intolerance

449

27.7

100

50.5

349

24.5

1.62×10−13/< 0.0001

 Syncope

48

3.0

15

7.6

33

2.3

0.0002/0.0003

 Seizure

44

2.7

11

5.6

33

2.3

0.0087/0.0164

 Tremor

51

3.1

11

5.6

40

2.8

0.0224/0.0484

 Blindness

20

1.2

5

2.5

15

1.1

0.0591/0.0862

 Thoracic radiographic or ultrasonographic signs

159

9.8

54

27.3

105

7.4

1.27×10−14/< 0.0001

 Diarrhea

145

8.9

13

6.6

132

9.3

0.0516/0.2338

 Vomiting

156

9.6

26

13.1

130

9.1

0.0208/0.0930

 Laboratory abnormalitiesc

179

11.0

54

27.3

125

8.8

3.44×10−12/< 0.0001

 Other signsd

104

6.4

34

17.2

70

4.9

7.16×10−9/< 0.0001

  1. aP = the hypergeometric probability for the observed table (risk factor × A. vasorum status) for the Fisher’s exact test
  2. bTwo-sided p-value for Fisher’s exact test
  3. cAnemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, hyperglobulinemia
  4. dOther signs included weight loss, inappetence, lethargy, ascites, melena, sneezing, heart murmur and other neurological signs not listed in the table
  5. Note: P-values in bold font indicate significant differences between positive and negative animals