Fig. 4From: Bacillus sphaericus exposure reduced vector competence of Anopheles dirus to Plasmodium yoelii by upregulating the Imd signaling pathwayElicitation of Imd pathway components expression with Bs treatment. Gene expression analysis of PGRP-LC (a), PGRP-S1 (b), Rel2 (c) and Caspar (d) of control and Bs-treated mosquitoes at L4, Pu, 0 hpi, 24 hpi, 48 hpi and 72 hpi. The statistical significance of fold change values was determined via a t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns, non-significantBack to article page