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Fig. 1 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 1

From: DNA double-strand breaks in the Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells by the action of reactive oxygen species

Fig. 1

DNA damage of the T. gondii-infected host cells in vitro. Antibodies to γH2AX and actin, SAG1 serum and IMC serum were all used at a 1:1000 dilution for the western blot and at a 1:200 dilution for the immunofluorescence assay (IFA). a HeLa cells were infected with T. gondii RHΔku80 at a MOI of 10:1. γH2AX levels were detected by western blot at 0 h (uninfected control), 10 h, 20 h or 30 h post-infection. Actin was used as a loading control. b Quantification of γH2AX shown in a. Mean  ±  SD (n = 3) of γH2AX levels are shown with that of uninfected cells set as one arbitrary unit. c γH2AX levels were measured by western blot in T. gondii-infected HeLa cells and purified T. gondii parasites that were freshly isolated from infected Hela cells. Actin and SAG1 were used as a loading control for host cells and T. gondii, respectively. d γH2AX of uninfected (0 h) and infected HeLa cells at 10 h, 20 h or 30 h post-infection by IFA. IMC1 mouse serum and DAPI were used to indicate T. gondii and nuclei, respectively. Key: red, γH2AX; green, IMC1; blue, DAPI. All experiments were performed in triplicate. *P ≤ 0.05, ***P ≤ 0.001. Scale-bars: 30 μm

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