Fig. 2From: DNA double-strand breaks in the Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells by the action of reactive oxygen speciesDNA damage of T. gondii-host cells upon its invasion. Antibodies to γH2AX, actin, and the cleaved caspase 3 were all used at a 1:1000 dilution. a Uninfected HeLa cells were treated with 1 μm staurosporine for 4 h to induce apoptosis. Treated, uninfected and infected HeLa cells were harvested 12 h or 24 h later, γH2AX and the cleaved caspase 3 were detected by western blot. b Quantification of γH2AX shown in a. Mean ± SD (n = 3) of γH2AX levels are shown with that of uninfected cells set as one arbitrary unit. c γH2AX was detected by western blot on HeLa cells 20 h post-infection with positive or negative serum-pretreated EGFP-RHΔku80. d Quantification of γH2AX shown in c. Mean ± SD (n = 3) of γH2AX levels are shown with that of uninfected cells set as one arbitrary unit. All experiments were performed in triplicate. ***P ≤ 0.001Back to article page