Fig. 1

Neospora caninum induced ROS generation in PMs. PMs were pre-treated with the ROS inhibitor NAC (5 mM, 1 h), then infected with N. caninum at the indicated MOIs for 2 h, and incubated with R-1% medium for 3 h. PMs stimulated with zymosan (1 mg/ml) were used as the positive control. The ROS generation in PMs was determined using the fluorescent probe 2,7 dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). a The ROS generation was assessed by a multifunctional fluorescence microplate reader. b The ROS generation was examined by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). c The mean fluorescence intensity of ROS was quantified. The data are representative of three independent experiments and shown as the mean ± SE (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs the negative control; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs Nc (MOI = 3)