Skip to main content

Table 3 An overview of heartworm studies in wolves (Canis lupus) worldwide

From: Dirofilaria immitis in wolves recolonizing northern Italy: are wolves competent hosts?

Country

Prevalence (%)

n

95% CI

Detection method

Year

References

Italy

1.4

210

0.5–4.1

N

2001–2019

Present study

CR

1

N, MI

2003

[19]

Serbia

1.4

70

0.3–7.7

N

2009–2013

[7]

CR

1

N

2014

[22]

Romania

0

14

MI

2014–2016

[13]

Spain

2.1

47

0.4–11.1

N

1993–1999

[17]

0

74

N

2008–2014

[23]

Bulgaria

5.5

18

1–25.8

N

1997–1999

[18]

0

3

N

2012–2013

[21]

USA (Minnesota)

6.2

387

4.2–9.0

N, S

2007–2013

[20]

USA (Wisconsin)

9.2

371

6.6–12.6

S

1985–2011

[10]

  1. Abbreviations: N, necropsy; S, serology; MI, molecular identification; CR, case report