Wilson et al. [17]
|
Presence/absence
|
Regional (single site)
|
–
|
–
|
Positive
|
Daniels et al. [18]
|
Presence/absence
|
Regional
|
Deer signs
|
–
|
Positive
|
Rand et al. [19]
|
Presence/absence
|
Regional (two sites)
|
–
|
–
|
Positive
|
Perkins et al. [20]
|
Presence/absence
|
Local
|
–
|
–
|
Non-linear (effect of site size)
|
Ruiz-Fons & Gilbert [21]
|
Presence/Absence
|
Local
|
Dung pellet counts
|
0–0.45 (deer dung index)
|
Positive
|
Gilbert et al. [22]
|
Presence/absence: reduced density
|
Multiple (regional and local)
|
Dung pellet counts
|
8–50 deer/km2; 0–0.25 (deer dung index)
|
Positive
|
Hofmeester et al. [5]
|
Presence/absence: observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Camera trapping
|
0.001–0.84 (camera passage rate)
|
Positive (presence): None (abundance)
|
Deblinger et al. [23]
|
Reduced density
|
Regional
|
Hunting records; census surveys
|
39–156 deer
|
Positive
|
Stafford et al. [24]
|
Reduced density
|
Regional
|
Marked population
|
97.3–13.1 deer/km2
|
Positive
|
Jordan et al. [25]
|
Reduced density
|
Regional
|
Aerial surveys
|
24.3–45.6 deer/km2
|
None
|
Kilpatrick et al. [26]
|
Reduced density
|
Regional
|
Aerial surveys; marked population
|
0–9.8 deer/km2
|
Positive
|
Wilson et al. [27]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Dung pellet counts; deer signs
|
0–145 pellet groups
|
Positive (larvae): None (nymphs)
|
Wilson et al. [28]
|
Observed deer density
|
Local
|
Radio telemetry
|
0–15 deer
|
Positive
|
Rand et al. [13]
|
Observed deer density
|
Multiple (regional and local)
|
Hunting records; dung pellet counts
|
44–67 deer/km2
|
Positive
|
Millins et al. [11]
|
Observed deer density
|
Local
|
Dung pellet counts
|
0–0.45 (deer dung index)
|
None
|
Jordan & Schulze [29]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Browsing counts
|
26.9–52.8 % (browse plots)
|
None
|
Ostfeld et al. [30]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Hunting and browsing counts
|
Not reported
|
Positive
|
Gilbert et al. [31]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Dung pellet counts
|
0.05–0.5
|
Positive
|
Tagliapietra et al. [32]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Census surveys
|
0–24 deer/km2
|
Positive
|
Cagnacci et al. [33]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Dung pellet counts
|
2–15.5 deer/100 ha
|
Non-linear
|
James et al. [10]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Dung pellet counts
|
Not reported
|
Positive
|
Qviller et al. [34]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Previous deer home range data
|
32–42 deer
|
Positive
|
Werden et al. [35]
|
Observed deer density
|
Regional
|
Dung pellet counts
|
0–220 pellet groups/ha
|
Positive
|