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Fig. 8 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 8

From: Cellular and molecular changes and immune response in the intestinal mucosa during Trichinella spiralis early infection in rats

Fig. 8

Cytokine and chemokine levels in intestinal tissue extracts during the early phase of T. spiralis infection. Concentrations of TNFα, CCL11/eotaxin, IL-4, INFγ and IL-10 in intestinal tissue extracts were determined by commercial ELISA kits whereas CCL25/TECK was determined by immunofluorescence assay. IL-5, IL-13 and IL-12 were determined by an immunoelectrotransfer blot assay. Results are expressed as concentration or number of positive cells/VCU or arbitrary units mean ± SD (n = 5/dpi and 5 control animals). Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA except for CCL25/TECK which was modelled by negative binomial distribution followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (nlme, MASS and multcomp packages, respectively; α = 0.05). Asterisks (*) represent significant differences between infected and control animals, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Numerals (#) above bars indicate significant differences between days: #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.01, ####P < 0.001

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