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Table 3 Distribution of frequencies and risk factors associated with the presence of anti-L. infantum antibodies by IFAT in sampled horses according to the multivariable generalized linear model

From: Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data

Variable

Category

Positive/examined

%*

Wald’s Chi-square

β ± SE

OR

95% CI

P-value

Origin

   

2.201

   

0.138

Central Italy

56/365

15.3

5.249

1.835 ± 0.8011

6.268

1.304–30.132

0.022

Northern Italy

36/295

12.2

 

0

1

  

Altitude (m.a.s.l.)

   

6.248

   

0.044

 < 200

18/147

12.2

3.980

1.553 ± 0.7786

4.727

1.028–21.746

0.046

200–500

31/172

18

10.391

2.437 ± 0.7560

11.440

2.599–50.347

0.001

 > 500

11/145

7.6

 

0

1

  

Origin × altitude (m.a.s.l.)

   

9.257

   

0.010

Central Italy ×  < 200

6/36

16.7ab

1.905

− 1.335 ± 0.9671

0.263

0.040–1.752

0.168

Central Italy × 200–500

9/75

12.0b

8.185

− 2.601 ± 0.9093

0.074

0.012–0.441

0.004

Central Italy ×  > 500

9/65

13.8b

 

0

1

  

Northern Italy ×  < 200

12/111

10.8a

 

0

1

  

Northern Italy × 200–500

22/97

22.7b

 

0

1

  

Northern Italy ×  > 500

2/80

2.5

 

0

1

  
  1. *Values of seropositivity per range of altitude with different superscript letters (a, b) are statistically different from each other. P-value < 0.05, GLM, pairwise comparison
  2. Abbreviations: m.a.s.l., meters above sea level; β ± SE, coefficient ± standard error; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval