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Fig. 2 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 2

From: Molecular identification of native Wolbachia pipientis in Anopheles minimus in a low-malaria transmission area of Umphang Valley along the Thailand-Myanmar border

Fig. 2

Amplification of the Wolbachia 16S rRNA-encoding gene. a Schematic diagram showing two-step PCR, including standard and nested PCR. In the standard PCR, W-SpecF and W-SpecR primers (blue colored arrows in upper panel) attached to the 3ʹ region of the Wolbachia 16S rRNA-encoding gene, amplifying a 438-bp fragment. In the nested PCR, the 438-bp amplicons generated from the regular PCR were used as templates. The 16SNF and 16SNR primers attached the internal sequence of the 438-bp fragment, generating a 412-bp PCR product. b A representative image of the 438-bp amplicons obtained from the standard PCR. Two and three representative pools of DNA extracts of Anopheles are shown. c A representative image of amplicons derived from the standard PCR (438 bp) and nested PCR (412 bp). For the standard PCR, templates were obtained from the DNA extracts from An. minimus pool numbers 21 (P21), 32 (P32), and 36 (P36). DNA from Mansonia spp. was used as the positive control (P), while absent template DNA was used as the negative control (NTC). In the nested PCR, all the samples from the standard PCR were used as templates. The PCR products were analyzed with electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel. Lane M: the DNA ladder electrophoresed simultaneously with the PCR product to determine amplicon size

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