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Fig 4. | Parasites & Vectors

Fig 4.

From: Developmental regulation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and evaluation of ecdysone signaling pathway transcript level using droplet digital PCR

Fig 4.

Development of D. immitis microfilariae cultured with Anopheles gambiae cells or cell-conditioned media. Results are presented as the percentages of larvae at the microfilaria, pre-sausage, sausage, and late sausage stages cultured in the absence of An. gambiae cells (a), with An. gambiae cells (b), with An. gambiae cell-conditioned media (c). All data are reported as mean percentages, with error bars corresponding to the SD from at least three individual replicates that were performed three times. The significance of the effects of An. gambiae cells on D. immitis development was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis H-test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test using Prism 6.0c (Graph Pad Software, Inc.). Asterisks denote the statistical difference between total (red asterisks) and healthy (blue asterisks) parasites versus the no-cell group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. d Light microscopy of D. immitis microfilariae cultured with no cells, An. gambiae cells, or An. gambiae cell-conditioned media at day 4 and day 13. e Proportion of motile D. immitis larvae cultured in the absence of cells, with An. gambiae cells, or with An. gambiae cell-conditioned media. The significance of the effects of An. gambiae cells or cell-conditioned media on D. immitis motility was analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis H-test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test using Prism 6.0c (Graph Pad Software, Inc.)

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