Fluralaner (Bravecto®) induces long-term mortality of Lutzomyia longipalpis after a blood meal in treated dogs

Parasites & Vectors

Table 1 Follow-up of Lutzomyia longipalpis mortality and insecticidal efficacy after blood meal on dogs for up to 12 months (360 days) after treatment with a single oral dose of fluralaner (Bravecto®)

Days after treatment	Control		Fluralaner		Efficacy (%)^c	P value^d
Days after treatment	Mortality (%)^a	95% Confidence interval^b	Mortality (%)^a	95% Confidence interval^b	Efficacy (%)^c	P value^d
1	12 (15)	0.77–0.92	80 (100)	NA^e	100	0.0002*
30	12 (15)	0.77–0.92	80 (100)	NA	100	0.0002*
60	10 (12.5)	0.80–0.94	80 (100)	NA	100	< 0.0001*
90	11 (13.75)	0.78–0.93	80 (100)	NA	100	< 0.0001*
120	12 (15)	0.77–0.92	80 (100)	NA	100	0.0002*
150	11 (13.75)	0.78–0.93	80 (100)	NA	100	< 0.0001*
180	11 (13.75)	0.77–0.92	58 (72.5)	0.17–0.37	68.1	0.0015*
210	11 (13.75)	0.78–0.93	50 (62.5)	0.26–0.48	56.5	0.0049*
240	10 (12.5)	0.80–0.94	49 (61.25)	0.28–0.49	55.7	0.0022*
270	12 (15)	0.77–0.92	40 (50)	0.39–0.60	41.2	0.0171*
300	12 (15)	0.77–0.92	34 (42.5)	0.46–0.68	32.3	0.0590
330	12 (15)	0.77–0.92	19 (23.75)	0.66–0.85	10.3	0.0301
360	11 (13.75)	0.78–0.93	12 (15)	0.77–0.92	1.4	1.0000

^aMortality indicates the number of sand flies dead at the specified time point. Presented as the number of dead sand flies with the percentage [(dead females after blood-feeding/total number of blood-fed females) × 100] in parentheses
^b95% Confidence interval is the interval of the probability of survival at the specified time point calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method
^cEfficacy is the percentage of sand fly mortality after exposure to the insecticide using Abbott’s formula
^dP value: Significance of difference in sand fly mortality between control group and fluralaner group using Fisher’s exact test. *Significant difference between treated dogs and control dogs at P ≤ 0.05
^eNA: Samples showed 100% death rate

ISSN: 1756-3305