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Table 2 Results of GLMMs (best models) explaining flea parameters of main rodent host species

From: Patterns of flea infestation in rodents and insectivores from intensified agro-ecosystems, Northwest Spain

Host

Fleas

Prevalence

Mean abundance

Mean intensity

Predictor

Estimate ± SE

Z-value

Predictor

Estimate ± SE

Z-value

Predictor

Estimate ± SE

Z-value

M. arvalis

All

Crop (cereal)

0.40 ± 0.16

2.57*

Crop (cereal)

0.51 ± 0.09

5.37***

Crop (cereal) a

0.38 ± 0.73

5.16***

Crop (fallow)

0.38 ± 0.14

2.67**

Crop (fallow)

0.47 ± 0.09

5.43***

Crop (fallow)

0.36 ± 0.66

5.47***

Month (July)

0.60 ± 0.09

3.17**

Month (July)

− 0.20 ± 0.12

− 1.64

Month (July)

− 0.31 ± 0.10

− 3.16**

Month (November)

0.47 ± 0.23

2.02*

Month (November)

0.04 ± 0.15

0.29

Month (November)

− 0.13 ± 0.12

− 1.11

CAG

Crop (cereal)

0.24 ± 0.15

1.62

Crop (cereal)

0.30 ± 0.13

2.29*

Crop (cereal)

0.19 ± 0.12

1.56

Crop (fallow)

2.29 ± 0.14

2.16*

Crop (fallow)

0.45 ± 0.12

3.77***

Crop (fallow)

0.34 ± 0.12

3.14**

Month (July)

− 0.51 ± 0.19

− 2.74**

Month (July)

− 0.66 ± 0.16

− 3.98***

Month (July)

− 0.81 ± 0.15

− 5.23***

Month (November)

0.31 ± 0.23

1.34

Month (November)

0.05 ± 0.19

0.28

Month (November)

− 0.15 ± 0.18

− 0.81

NF

Crop (cereal)

0.62 ± 0.15

4.23***

Crop (cereal)

0.68 ± 0.11

6.24***

Crop (cereal)

0.50 ± 0.09

5.35***

Crop (fallow)

0.55 ± 0.13

4.09***

Crop (fallow)

0.49 ± 0.10

4.82***

Crop (fallow)

0.34 ± 0.09

3.86***

Month (July)

0.88 ± 0.20

4.46***

Month (July)

0.68 ± 0.11

6.24**

Month (July)

0.26 ± 0.14

1.92^

Month (November)

0.35 ± 0.24

1.44

Month (November)

0.40 ± 0.15

0.54

Month (November)

− 0.13 ± 0.16

− 0.78

LT

Sex (male)

0.72 ± 0.39

1.86^

Sex (male)

0.87 ± 0.41

2.12*

Sex (male)

0.90 ± 0.41

2.14*

A. sylvaticus

All

Month (July)

1.33 ± 0.29

4.54***

Month (July)a

1.01 ± 0.20

5.05***

Month (July) a

0.39 ± 0.16

2.47*

Month (November)

− 0.08 ± 0.31

− 0.27

Month (November)

− 0.40 ± 0.24

− 1.68^

Month (November)

− 0.28 ± 0.21

− 1.33

Sex (male)

0.62 ± 0.21

2.94**

Sex (male)

0.50 ± 0.34

3.42***

Sex (male)

0.27 ± 0.11

2.35*

CAG

Sex (male)

0.76 ± 0.30

2.54*

Sex (male)

0.87 ± 0.52

3.07**

Month (July)

− 1.03 ± 0.29

− 3.54***

      

Month (November)

− 0.64 ± 0.39

− 1.66^

      

Sex (male)

0.77 ± 0.27

2.85**

NF

Month (July) a

0.93 ± 0.31

2.95**

Month (July)a

0.52 ± 0.26

2.03*

Month (July)a

− 0.20 ± 0.23

− 0.87

Month (November)

− 0.24 ± 0.36

− 0.64

Month (November)

− 0.65 ± 0.33

− 1.99*

Month (November)

− 0.71 ± 0.30

− 2.35*

LT

Month (July)

2.40 ± 0.42

5.64***

Crop (cereal)a,b

0.50 ± 0.22

2.27*

Crop (cereal)a,b

0.31 ± 0.19

1.63

Month (November)

0.45 ± 0.47

0.97

Crop (fallow)

− 0.16 ± 0.25

− 0.63

Crop (fallow)

− 0.24 ± 0.23

− 1.07

Sex (male)

1.02 ± 0.25

4.08***

Month (July)

2.56 ± 0.40

6.44***

Month (July)

1.95 ± 0.38

5.09***

   

Month (November)

0.40 ± 0.44

0.90***

Month (November)

0.46 ± 0.45

1.01

   

Sex (male)

0.86 ± 0.21

4.20

Sex (male)

0.50 ± 0.18

2.72**

M. spretus

All

Month (July) a

1.38 ± 0.59

2.33*

Month (July)a,b

1.33 ± 0.67

1.99*

NA

–

–

Month (November)

0.23 ± 0.52

0.43

Month (November)

0.18 ± 0.62

0.29

   

Sex (male)

0.98 ± 0.39

2.50*

Sex (male)

1.21 ± 0.41

2.93**

   

CAG

NONE

–

–

NA

–

–

NA

–

–

NF

Month (July) a

2.37 ± 1.13

2.01*

Month (July)a

2.27 ± 1.13

2.01*

NA

–

–

Month (November)

1.43 ± 1.06

1.35

Month (November)

1.81 ± 1.08

1.67^

   
   

Sex (male)

0.93 ± 0.58

1.61

   

LT

Month (July)a,b

0.73 ± 1.34

0.55

Month (July)a,b

0.48 ± 1.44

0.33

Sex (male)a

1.07 ± 0.68

1.58

Month (November)

− 1.01 ± 1.35

− 0.75

Month (November)

− 1.48 ± 1.44

− 1.03

   

Sex (male)

1.28 ± 0.68

1.88^

Sex (male)

1.60 ± 0.73

2.20*

   
  1. For flea species abbreviation (CAG, LT, NF) see Fig. 1
  2. NA model did not converge, NONE no significant variables, SE standard error
  3. aProvince not included as random effect
  4. bGLM instead of GLMM
  5. ***p < 0.001; **< 0.01; *< 0.05; ^ marginally significant [0.05–0.10]