Fig. 1

Xenopsylla philoxera (flea). a Male, whole body. b Female, whole body. c Male, head (note the well-developed and pigmented eye (E) and the shallow occipital groove (OG). d Female, head (note the well-developed and pigmented eye (E)). e Male, abdomen (phallosome: median lamina (ML) and penis rod (PR). f Female, abdomen (spermatheca: bulga (B) and hilla (H))