Table 4 Risk factors associated with asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis as measured by the leishmanin skin test, Benishangul-Gumuz, western Ethiopia, 2018–2020

Own dog

 Yes

3.37 (2.08, 5.46)

0.000

2.6 (1.54, 4.40)

0.000

 No

1 (Ref.)

–

1 (Ref.)

–

Sex

 Male

1 (Ref.)

–

1 (Ref.)

–

 Female

0.43 (0.23, 0.79)

0.006

0.38 (0.19,0.72)

0.003

Age (years)

 < 5

1 (Ref.)

–

1 (Ref.)

–

 5–12

0.22 (0.08, 0.61)

0.004

0.40 (0.13, 1.24)

0.112

 13–18

0.65 (0.36, 1.18)

0.156

1.23 (0.59, 2.58)

0.586

 > 18

–

–

–

–

Woreda

 Pawi

1 (Ref.)

–

1 (Ref.)

–

 Guba

6.83 (2.79, 16.73)

0.000

4.74 (1.83, 12.31)

0.001

 Dangur

1.36 (0.45, 4.11)

0.589

0.91 (0.29, 2.86)

0.874

 Bambasi

1

–

–

–

 Kurmuk

5.87 (2.37, 14.55)

0.000

5.85 (2.27, 15.09)

0.000

 Sherkole

1

–

–

–

Occupation

 Farmer

1 (Ref.)

–

1 (Ref.)

–

 Trader

0.69 (0.08, 5.86)

0.737

0.28 (0.03, 2.67)

0.270

 Civil servant

0.14 (0.02, 1.06)

0.056

0.09 (0.01, 0.72)

0.023

 Laborer

1

–

–

–

 Driver

–

–

–

–

 Students

0.35 (0.19, 0 .64)

0.001

0.52 (0.24, 1.13)

0.102