Table 1 Samples used in this study with taxon reported in the literature and the taxonomic designation determined here through our ADMIXTURE analyses

A_AUS_01

australicus

Australian endemic

Australia

Siesta Park

[38]

A_AUS_02

australicus

Australian endemic

Australia

South Guildford

[38]

A_AUS_03

australicus

Australian endemic

Australia

Point Douro

[38]

G_AUS_01

globocoxitus

Australian endemic

Australia

South Guildford

[38]

G_AUS_02

globocoxitus

Australian endemic

Australia

Siesta Park

[38]

G_AUS_03

globocoxitus

Australian endemic

Australia

Point Douro

[38]

L_CSA_01

pallens

Admixed

China

Zhu-Shang

[39]

L_CSA_02

pallens

Admixed

China

Nanjing

[40]

L_CSA_03

pallens

pallens

China

Dalian

[40]

L_CSA_04

pallens

pallens

China

Tongzhou (Beijing)

[40]

L_CSA_05

pallens

pallens

China

Chaoyang (Beijing)

[40]

L_CSA_06

pallens

pallens

China

Haidian (Beijing)

[40]

L_CSA_07

pallens

pallens

China

Shunyi (Beijing)

[40]

L_CSA_08

pallens

pallens

China

Shijingshan (Beijing)

[40]

M_EMD_01

molestus

Admixed

Germany*

Hamburg*

[41]

M_EMD_02

molestus

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Russia

Aleksin

[42]

M_EMD_03

molestus

Admixed

Russia

Moscow

[42]

M_NCA_01

molestus

Admixed

USA (CA)

Sacremento

[42]

M_NCA_02

molestus

pipiens-molestus (NCA)

USA (NY)

New York

This study

M_NCA_03

molestus

pipiens-molestus (NCA)

USA (IL)

Chicago

This study

M_NCA_04

molestus

pipiens-molestus (NCA)

USA (NY)

New York

[43]

P_EMD_01

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Germany

Baden-Wurttemberg

[43]

P_EMD_02

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

France

Ganges

[39]

P_EMD_03

pipiens

Admixed

France

Montpellier

[39]

P_EMD_04

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Algeria

Lac des Oiseaux

[39]

P_EMD_05

pipiens

Admixed

Israel

Tel Aviv

[39]

P_EMD_06

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Tunisia

Grombalia

[39]

P_EMD_07

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Tunisia

El Kef

[44]

P_EMD_08

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Russia

Aleksin

[42]

P_EMD_09

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Tunisia

Ayed

[44]

P_EMD_10

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Tunisia

Grombalia

[44]

P_EMD_11

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Tunisia

Jedaida

[44]

P_EMD_12

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Tunisia

Azib

[44]

P_EMD_13

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (EMD)

Tunisia

Utique

[44]

P_NCA_01

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (NCA)

USA (CA)

San Francisco

[45]

P_NCA_02

pipiens

Admixed

USA (OH)

Columbus

[46]

P_NCA_03

pipiens

Admixed

USA (NJ)

Montclair

This study

P_NCA_04

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (NCA)

USA (CA)

Bolinas

[45]

P_NCA_05

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (NCA)

USA (CA)

Stinson Beach

[45]

P_NCA_06

pipiens

pipiens-molestus (NCA)

USA (CA)

San Rafael

[45]

Q_AUS_01

quinquefasciatus

Admixed

Australia

South Guildford

[38]

Q_CSA_01

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

China

Haikou

[40]

Q_CSA_02

quinquefasciatus

pallens

China

Guangzhou

[40]

Q_CSA_03

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

Philippines

Manila

[39]

Q_CSA_04

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

China

Haikou

[40]

Q_CSA_05

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

China

Haikou

[40]

Q_CSA_06

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

China

Haikou

[40]

Q_NCA_01

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

Costa Rica

Puerto Viejo de Talamanca

[39]

Q_NCA_02

quinquefasciatus

Admixed

USA (CA)

Merced

[47]

Q_NCA_03

quinquefasciatus

Admixed

USA (AL)

Huntsville

[48]

Q_SSA_01

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou

[39]

Q_SSA_02

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

Réunion

Saint-Benoît

[39]

Q_SSA_03

quinquefasciatus

quinquefasciatus

South Africa

Johannesburg

[49]