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Fig. 4 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 4

From: Second generation effects of larval metal pollutant exposure on reproduction, longevity and insecticide tolerance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Fig. 4

The effect of larval heavy metal exposure on parental (F0) and second-generation (F1) adult longevity in Anopheles arabiensis. a The effect of larval cadmium chloride exposure on a parental generation and second-generation (SENNConF- Control female, SENNConM-Control male, SENNCdFC-female cadmium second-generation from clean water, SENNCdMC-male cadmium second-generation from clean water, SENNCdFP- female cadmium second-generation from polluted water, SENNCdMP- male cadmium second-generation from polluted water) for the SENN strain. b The effect of copper nitrate exposure on a parental generation and second-generation for the SENN strain. c The effect of lead nitrate exposure on a parental generation and second-generation for the SENN strain. d The effect of cadmium chloride exposure on a parental generation and second-generation for the SENN-DDT strain. e The effect of copper nitrate exposure on a parental generation and second-generation for the SENN-DDT strain. f The effect of lead nitrate exposure on a parental generation and second-generation for the SENN-DDT strain

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