Table 1 Changes in Anopheles arabiensis adult median survival time [St(50)] (in days post-emergence) depending on breeding conditions/treatments

Control

29

29

29

29

Cd-clean

23

34

31

36

change in St(50)

− 7

+ 5

+ 1

+ 5

Cd-Cd

15

12

23

22

change in St(50)

− 14*

− 17*

− 6*

− 7*

Cu-clean

26

34

30

33

change in St(50)

− 3

+ 5

+ 1

+ 5

Cu-Cu

15

11

19

19

change in St(50)

− 14*

− 18*

− 10*

− 10*

Pb-clean

30

31

35

31

change in St(50)

+ 1

+ 2

+ 6*

+ 2

Pb-Pb

24

27

24

23

change in St(50)

− 5

− 2

− 5*

− 6*