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Table 3 Lethal median time (LT50) and hazard ratios (HR) of An. gambiae adults that emerged from unexposed larvae or larvae exposed to two P. flavescens nymphs and/or 6 mg B. bassiana fungus spores

From: Direct and indirect effects of predation and parasitism on the Anopheles gambiae mosquito

Group

Larval exposure to

Adult exposure to fungus

LT50 (95% CI) (days)

Hazard ratio

Nymph

Fungus

HR

95% CI

P-value

n

df

I

No

No

No

23 (20–26)

–

–

–

90

4

II

No

No

Yes

5 (4.7–5.3)

45.8

17.8–117.7

< 0.001

90

1

III

Yes

No

Yes

4 (3.8–4.1)

67.4

26.0–174.2

< 0.001

90

1

IV

No

Yes

Yes

5 (4.7–5.3)

50.9

19.8–130.8

< 0.001

90

1

V

Yes

Yes

Yes

4 (3.7–4.3)

112.0

43.3–289.5

< 0.001

90

1

  1. Notes: Significant P-values (Cox Regression) are shown in bold
  2. Abbreviations: n, sample size; df, degrees of freedom