Fig. 5

Estimated means of Aedes larvae/dip in Ifakara town and surrounding wards in the dry season (a) and the rainy season (b). Estimation plots are used to portray the distribution of residual mean differences of larval abundance between study wards. The vertical lines represent the mean ± confidence levels (the gap in the line is the mean). The filled curves indicate the resampled mean difference distribution of the larval abundances with reference to Ifakara town. Black vertical lines indicate 95% confidence level. Black dots indicate mean differences from the reference group. The significance is considered depending on how far the means of residuals deviated from the reference line