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Table 1 Main features of studies regarding the global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild felids

From: The global serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in felids during the last five decades (1967–2017): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Country

Publication year

Method

Cut-off

Period of sampling

Sample size

Prevalence (%)

Wild felid species

Quality score

References

Southern Africa

1999

IFAT

≥ 1:50

1984–1996

68

73.50

Non-domestic captive and free-ranging felids

8

Cheadle et al. [25]

Thailand

2006

LAT

≥ 1:64

2002–2004

136

15.40

Captive felids

8

Thiangtum et al. [26]

UAE

2008

MAT

≥ 1:25

2001–2008

36

86.11

Gordon’s wild, captive-born and wild-caught felids

8

Pas & Dubey [27]

Qatar

2010

MAT

≥ 1:25

2009

27

77.78

Arabian sand cat, African wild cat, cheetah, king cheetah

8

Dubey et al. [28]

UAE

2010

MAT

≥ 1:25

2009

53

90.60

Gordon’s wild cat, Arabian leopard, cheetah, caracal, African caracal

8

Dubey et al. [28]

France

2013

MAT

≥ 1:48

1996–2006

112

67.00

Wild cats

10

Afonso et al. [29]

USA (Alaska)

2001

MAT

≥ 1:25

 

255

15.30

Lynx

8

Zarnke et al. [30]

Canada

2001

MAT

≥ 1:25

1997–1998

116

44.00

Lynx, bobcats

10

Labelle et al. [31]

USA

2003

IFAT

≥ 1:50

 

101

44.55

Captive and free-ranging non-domestic felids

6

Spencer et al. [32]

Midwestern USA

2008

MAT

≥ 1:25

2003–2005

107

38.30

Cheetah, lynx, clouded leopard, African lion, jaguar, Amur leopard, Persian leopard, Amur tiger, fishing and Pallasʼs cats, puma, Texas puma, snow leopard

10

De Camps et al. [33]

USA (Mississippi)

2017

MAT

≥ 1:25

2014

35

100

Bobcats

10

Verma et al. [34]

America

2004

LAT

≥ 1:64

1984–1999

496

25.80

Pumas and bobcats

10

Kikuchi et al. [35]

Brazil

2001

MAT

≥ 1:20

1996–2000

37

64.90

European lynx, jungle cat, serval

10

Silva et al. [36]

Brazil

2001

MAT

≥ 1:20

1995–2001

865

54.60

Captive Neotropical felids

10

Silva et al. [37]

Brazil

2010

IFAT

≥ 1:40

 

161

63.40

Wild felids in Brazilian zoos

6

Andre et al. [38]

Brazil

2010

MAT

≥ 1:16

 

57

66.67

Neotropical felids (leopardus and puma)

8

Ullmann et al. [39]

Argentina

2012

ELISA

≥ 1:48

2000–2008

40

47.50

Geoffroy’s cats

9

Uhart et al. [40]

Brazil

2015

MAT

≥ 1:25

2000–2009

31

100

Free-ranging jaguars

8

Furtado et al. [41]

  1. Abbreviations: IFAT, indirect fluorescent antibody test; LAT, latex agglutination test; MAT, modified agglutination test; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay