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Table 1 Bulls analyzed in this study

From: Vascular wall injury and inflammation are key pathogenic mechanisms responsible for early testicular degeneration during acute besnoitiosis in bulls

Bull

Age

Breed

Geographical origin

Clinical signs and macroscopic lesions

Serology

IgM (ELISA)

IgG (ELISA)

  

RIPC %

+/−

RIPC %

+/−

WB

Avidity

1

24 months

Charolais

Madrid

Fever (41 °C), orchitis, hydrocele, edema in posterior limb, congestive scleral conjunctiva

119.2

+

80

+

+

8

2

Adulta

Charolais

Madrid

Respiratory problems, edema in the area of the scapula, ascites

na

na

na

na

na

na

3

Adult

Limousin

Cáceres

Orchitis, hydrocele, edema in declining areas and scleral conjunctiva

na

na

na

na

na

na

4

Adult

Unknown

Madrid

Orchitis, hydrocele, petechiae and hemorrhages in testes

137.5

+

1.0

na

5

Adult

Unknown

La Rioja

Hydrocele, congestion, adhesions

127.2

+

2.7

na

6

132 months

Charolais

Madrid

Fever (41 °C), orchitis, hydrocele, petechiae and hemorrhages in testes

167

+

4.9

na

7

35 months

Charolais

Madrid

Fever (40 °C), orchitis, hydrocele, petechiae

74.4

+

6.8

na

  1. aBull in reproductive age more than 15 months
  2. Abbreviations: +. positive animal; –, negative animal; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; WB, western blot; na, not available; RIPC, relative index percent
  3. Notes: Bulls 2, 3 and 5 died in farm