New codon 198 β-tubulin polymorphisms in highly benzimidazole resistant Haemonchus contortus from goats in three different states in Sudan

Table 4 Polymorphisms in codon 198 in isotype 1 β-tubulin gene of Haemonchus contortus collected in different areas in the States South, Central and East Darfur in Sudan detected by Sanger sequencing

State	Area	Sample source	Sample type^a	Treatment^b	n^c	No. of samples with each variant
State	Area	Sample source	Sample type^a	Treatment^b	n^c	GAA	GCA	TTA	GTA	AAA	ATA	TAA
South Darfur	Buram	Abattoir	Adult	na	11	1	0	9	0	0	0	1
	Kass	Trials	L3	−	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
			L3	+	7	0	0	7	0	0	0	0
			Adult	+	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0
		Abattoir	Adult	na	9	0	0	8	1	0	0	0
	Nyala	Trials	L3	−	4	1	0	3	0	0	0	0
			L3	+	4	0	0	4	0	0	0	0
			Adult	+	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0
		Abattoir	Adult	na	20	2	0	13	4	1	0	0
	Rehed Al-Birdi	Trials	L3	−	8	3	0	5	0	0	0	0
			L3	+	7	0	0	7	0	0	0	0
			Adult	+	2	0	0	2	0	0	0	0
		Abattoir	Adult	na	8	3	0	4	1	0	0	0
	Tulus	Trials	L3	−	2	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
			L3	+	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0
			Adult	+	4	0	0	4	0	0	0	0
		Abattoir	Adult	na	13	3	0	8	0	0	1	1
	Um Dafuq	Trials	Adult	+	2	0	0	2	0	0	0	0
Central Darfur	Zalingei	Abattoir	Adult	na	11	0	0	11	0	0	0	0
East Darfur	Ed Daein	Abattoir	Adult	na	11	0	0	11	0	0	0	0
Total (and %)					133	14 (10.5)	0 (0)	109 (82)	6 (4.5)	1 (0.8)	1 (0.8)	2 (1.5)

^aPools of third-stage larvae (L3) (at least ~ 1000 nematode L3/sample) or of adults (trials: 11–84, abattoirs: 10–97 adult male H. contortus/sample)
^bThird-stage larval samples (L3): (−) faecal samples collected on day 0; (+) the samples collected 10 days after treatment with albendazole at different doses: 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight (bw) (all study areas), and additionally 7.5 or 12.5 mg/kg bw in trials of Rehed Al-Birdi. Adult male H. contortus: samples isolated from goats slaughtered on day 14 after treatment with 5 or 10 mg/kg bw albendazole (+)
^cNumber of pools tested
Abbreviation: na, the situation of anthelmintic treatments was unknown, since adult male H. contortus isolated from goat abomasa at abattoirs

ISSN: 1756-3305