Table 2 Contact of kennelled dogs to Leishmania parasites at the beginning and end of sand fly season—prevalence, cumulative incidence and relative risk factors by diagnostic test

Sex, n (%)

P = 0.150

P = 0.091

P = 0.393

P = 0.200

P = 0.176

P = 1.000

P = 0.668

P = 0.342

P = 0.184

P = 0.473

P = 0.867

 Female^h

12 (9.8)

13 (10.6)

2 (3.0)

6 (4.9)

9 (7.3)

1 (1.5)

52 (42.3)

30 (24.4)

19 (28.8)

0 (0)

45 (36.6)

21 (31.8)

 Male

14 (16.5)

16 (18.8)

3 (6.7)

2.20 (0.38–12.64)

8 (9.4)

11 (12.9)

1 (2.2)

1.47 (0.09–22.85)

33 (38.8)

16 (18.8)

8 (17.8)

0.62 (0.30–1.29)

0 (0)

27 (31.8)

15 (33.3)

1.05 (0.61–1.8)

Age group, n (%)^a

P = 0.271

P = 0.709

P = 0.626

0.21 (0.02–2.97)

P = 0.769

P = 0.813

P = 0.474

P = 0.137

P = 1.000

P = 0.841

P = 0.831

P = 1.000

 < 1 year^h

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 1–7 years

13 (10.0)

17 (13.1)

3 (3.9)

Infinity

9 (6.9)

13 (10.0)

1 (1.3)

Infinity

47 (36.2)

26 (20.0)

17 (22.1)

Infinity

0 (0)

44 (33.8)

23 (29.9)

Infinity

 > 7 years

11 (17.2)

10 (15.6)

2 (7.1)

Infinity

3 (4.7)

5 (7.8)

1 (3.6)

Infinity

31 (48.4)

13 (20.3)

7 (25.0)

Infinity

0 (0)

20 (31.3)

8 (28.6)

Infinity

Breed, n (%)

P = 0.018^*

P = 0.318

P = 0.112

P = 0.089

P = 0.141

P = 0.202

P = 0.945

P = 0.146

P = 0.387

P = 0.318

P = 0.451

 Mongrel^h

15 (9.4)^d

19 (11.9)

3 (3.4)

8 (5.0)

12 (7.5)

1 (1.1)

65 (40.9)

31 (19.5)

19 (21.8)

0 (0)

51 (32.1)

26 (29.9)

 Crossed

3 (14.3)

4 (19.0)

2 (18.2)

5.27 (0.99–28.17)

2 (9.5)

3 (14.3)

1 (9.1)

7.91 (0.53–117.7)

8 (38.1)

5 (23.8)

3 (27.3)

1.25 (0.44–3.55)

0 (0)

10 (47.6)

4 (36.4)

1.22 (0.52–2.83)

 Pure

8 (28.6)^d

6 (21.4)

0 (0)

0

4 (14.3)

5 (17.9)

0 (0)

0

12 (42.9)

10 (35.7)

5 (38.5)

1.76 (0.80–3.90)

0 (0)

11 (39.3)

6 (46.2)

2.01 (0.62–6.57)

Coat length, n (%)^b

P = 0.474

P = 0.804

P = 0.328

P = 0.765

P = 0.413

P = 0.105

P = 0.827

P = 0.508

P = 0.307

P = 0.975

P = 0.500

 Short^h

15 (11.0)

18 (13.2)

2 (2.7)

8 (5.9)

11 (8.1)

0 (0)

55 (40.4)

28 (20.6)

16 (21.6)

0 (0)

47 (34.6)

22 (29.7)

 Medium or long

10 (14.5)

10 (14.5)

3 (8.3)

3.08 (0.54–17.64)

5 (7.2)

8 (11.6)

2 (5.6)

Infinity

29 (42.0)

17 (24.6)

11 (30.6)

1.41 (0.73–2.72)

0 (0)

24 (34.8)

13 (36.1)

1.22 (0.70–2.12)

Coat colour, n (%)^c

P = 0.472

P = 0.861

P = 0.596

P = 0.636

P = 0.387

P = 0.305

P = 0.638

P = 0.015^*

P = 0.195

P = 0.067

P = 0.035^*

 Bright^h

4 (8.0)

7 (14.0)

2 (6.7)

4 (8.0)

4 (8.0)

1 (3.3)

17 (34.0)

15 (30.0)^e

9 (30.0)

0 (0)

23 (46.0)

15 (50.0)

 Mix

12 (12.6)

12 (12.6)

1 (2.0)

0.31 (0.03–3.23)

5 (5.3)

7 (7.4)

0 (0)

0

40 (42.1)

13 (13.7)^e,f

8 (16.3)

0.54 (0.24–1.26)

0 (0)

33 (34.7)

15 (30.6)^g

0.61 (0.35–1.06)

 Dark

9 (15.8)

9 (15.8)

2 (6.5)

0.97 (0.15–6.43)

5 (8.8)

8 (14.0)

1 (3.2)

0.97 (0.06–14.78)

23 (40.4)

18 (31.6)^f

10 (32.3)

1.07 (0.51–2.27)

0 (0)

14 (24.6)

6 (19.4)^g

0.39 (0.17–0.86)

Clinical signs

P = 0.035*

P = 0.014*

P = 0.041*

P = 0.199

P = 0.126

P = 1.000

P = 0.236

P = 1.000

P = 0.677

P = 0.402

P = 1.000

 Absent^h

15 (9.7)

22 (11.8)

3 (2.9)

8 (5.2)

16 (8.6)

2 (1.9)

67 (43.2)

42 (22.5)

26 (25.2)

0 (0)

63 (33.7)

34 (33.0)

 Present

11 (20.8)

7 (33.3)

2 (25.0)

8.58 (1.67–44.17)

6 (11.3)

4 (19.0)

0 (0)

0

18 (34.0)

4 (19.0)

1 (12.5)

0.50 (0.08–3.19)

0 (0)

9 (42.9)

2 (25.0)

0.76 (0.22–2.6)

Insecticides

P = 0.701

P = 0.068

P = 0.257

P = 0.605

P = 0.068

P = 0.359

P = 0.501

P = 0.021^*

P = 0.010^*

P = 0.852

P = 0.945

 No^h

23 (12.2)

20 (11.8)

3 (3.4)

12 (6.4)

13 (7.7)

1 (1.1)

78 (41.5)

32 (18.9)

17 (19.1)

0 (0)

58 (34.3)

29 (32.6)

 Yes

1 (5.6)

9 (23.1)

2 (9.1)

2.7 (0.48–15.17)

0 (0.0)

7 (17.9)

1 (4.5)

4.04 (0.26–62.17)

6 (33.3)

14 (35.9)

10 (45.5)

2.38 (1.27–4.45)

0 (0)

14 (35.9)

7 (31.8)

0.98 (0.49–1.93)

Ac anti-rSP03B, n (%)

P = 0.705

P = 1.000

P = 0.548

P = 0.453

P = 1.000

P = 0.269

P = 0.213

P = 0.038^*

P = 0.063

P = 0.566

P = 0.206

 No^h

9 (11.4)

4 (13.3)

1 (6.3)

4 (5.1)

3 (10.0)

1 (6.3)

28 (35.4)

11 (36.7)

7 (43.8)

0 (0)

9 (30.0)

3 (18.8)

 Yes

17 (13.2)

25 (14.0)

4 (4.2)

0.67 (0.08–5.65)

10 (7.8)

17 (9.6)

1 (1.1)

0.17 (0.01–2.56)

57 (44.2)

35 (19.7)

20 (21.1)

0.48 (0.24–0.95)

0 (0)

63 (35.4)

33 (34.7)

1.85 (0.64–5.33)

Ac anti-rSP03B + rSP01, n (%)

P = 0.265

P = 0.288

P = 0.282

P = 0.335

P = 0.382

P = 1.000

P = 0.733

P = 0.556

P = 0.358

P = 0.051

P = 0.680

 No^h

2 (5.9)

4 (22.2)

1 (14.3)

1 (2.9)

1 (5.6)

0 (0)

13 (38.2)

5 (27.8)

3 (42.9)

0 (0)

10 (55.6)

3 (42.9)

 Yes

24 (13.8)

25 (13.2)

4 (3.8)

0.27 (0.04–2.10)

13 (7.5)

19 (10.0)

2 (1.9)

Infinity

72 (41.4)

41 (21.6)

24 (23.1)

0.54 (0.21–1.36)

0 (0)

62 (32.6)

33 (31.7)

0.74 (0.30–1.82)

Ac anti-SGH, n (%)

P = 0.207

P = 1.000

P = 0.442

P = 1.000

P = 0.479

P = 1.000

P = 0.067

P = 0.256

P = 0.352

P = 0.378

P = 0.521

 No^h

4 (7.5)

3 (11.5)

1 (8.3)

3 (5.7)

1 (3.8)

0 (0)

16 (30.2)

8 (30.8)

4 (33.3)

0 (0)

11 (42.3)

5 (41.7)

 Yes

22 (14.2)

26 (14.3)

4 (4.0)

0.48 (0.06–3.99)

11 (7.1)

19 (10.4)

2 (2.0)

Infinity

69 (44.5)

38 (20.9)

23 (23.2)

0.7 (0.29–1.68)

0 (0)

61 (33.5)

31 (31.3)

0.75 (0.36–1.56)

Total, n (%)

26 (12.5)

29 (13.9)

5 (4.5)

14 (6.7)

20 (9.6)

2 (1.8)

85 (40.9)

46 (22.1)

27 (24.3)

0 (0)

72 (34.6)

36 (32.4)