Table 5 MODEL A: multivariate logistic regression of risk factors affecting LF antigen and antibody positivity: sociodemographic, residence and knowledge covariates, all participants (n = 638–641)

Sampling site

Clinic vs Cannery

2.52 (0.65–9.75)*

0.182

0.52 (0.24–1.13)**

0.099

Age group (years)

15–24

Ref

Ref

Ref

25–34

1.21 (0.32–4.61)

0.779

0.64 (0.21–1.94)

0.431

0.55 (0.21–1.42)

0.219

35–44

3.75 (1.21–11.63)***

0.022

1.36 (0.54–3.40)

0.511

1.46 (0.67–3.19)

0.342

45–54

3.76 (1.22–11.67)***

0.022

1.70 (0.69–4.21)

0.252

1.38 (0.62–3.05)

0.427

> 55

4.17 (1.12–15.51)***

0.033

0.63 (0.15–2.70)

0.536

1.35 (0.49–3.72)

0.557

Gender

Male vs female

2.64 (0.78–8.94)*

0.118

3.44 (2.04–5.82)****

< 0.001

3.63 (2.11–6.27)****

< 0.001

3.49 (2.21–5.49)****

< 0.001

SES quantile

Per decr. quantile

2.89 (1.09–7.69)***

0.033

1.30 (0.92–1.84)*

0.136

1.46 (1.02–2.11)***

0.041

1.51 (1.12–2.05)****

0.007

Years lived in AS

< 9

Ref

Ref

Ref

9–14

2.26 (0.89–5.72)**

0.086

1.62 (0.67–3.90)

0.283

2.00 (0.91–4.40)**

0.083

> 14

1.22 (0.55–2.70)

0.624

0.76 (0.37–1.57)

0.462

1.12 (0.58–2.13)

0.741

Ever been outside AS

Yes vs no

1.80 (0.75–4.32)*

0.190

Know swelling or genitourinary symptom

Yes vs no

0.29 (0.06–1.41)*

0.125

Know acute symptoms

Yes vs no

3.53 (0.98–12.74)**

0.054

1.60 (0.86–2.95)*

0.135

Know mosquito as cause

Yes vs no

0.65 (0.38–1.09)*

0.102

0.55 (0.32–0.95)***

0.032

0.56 (0.36–0.90)***

0.016

Constant

0.0009 (0.0003–0.03)****

< 0.001

0.02 (0.003–0.09)****

< 0.001

0.07 (0.02–0.32)****

< 0.001

0.03 (0.01–0.13)****

< 0.001

Log-likelihood

− 52.969305

− 206.46537

− 197.11102

− 259.59574

Log-likelihood (inc. county)

− 48.999694

− 200.41316

− 190.39068

− 253.82438

LR Chi-square

21.25**

0.068

57.07****

< 0.001

60.62****

< 0.001

72.60****

< 0.001

Pseudo R²

0.1782

0.1246

0.1373

0.1251