Fig. 2

Competition outcomes in Latin Hypercube Sampling. The outcomes of competition with the 100,000 samples from the LHS. The categories shown in dark blue have Ae. albopictus (\(A_a\)) wiped out and the bright yellow is when Ae. albopictus completely dominates Ae. triseriatus. The left (a, c) represents without effects of parasitism on Ae. albopictus and the right (b, d) includes parasitism effects. The top row (a, b) has a low parasite effect, and the middle row (c, d) has a high parasite effect on Ae. triseriatus. The black dashed lines in (a–d) are for reference to compare low versus high density, (a–c) and (b–d). Categories are defined in Table 2. The dynamics plots (e, f) are the expected temporal results without any parasitism in Ae. albopictus and the low effect of parasitism in Ae. triseriatus. This represents when Ae. albopictus initially invades a new habitat. The left (e) shows the tire scenario with competition parameters favoring Ae. albopictus (\(\alpha _t = 0.25 < \alpha _a = 0.83\)). The right (f) shows the competition parameters that favor Ae. triseriatus (\(\alpha _t = 0.73 > 0.42 =\alpha _a\)). All parameters are chosen to be the values in Table 1 with all Ae. albopictus parasite parameters set to 1