Fig. 5

Dilution effects of parasitism. The proportion of Ae. albopictus when varying the parasitism parameters. All subplots are in the tire scenarios (\(\alpha _a = 0.83\) and \(\alpha _t = 0.25\)), where the effect of competition on Ae. triseriatus is greater than on Ae. albopictus. The solid lines indicate dilution of parasitism, which means that parasite parameters of a species decrease as their proportion decreases. The dashed lines are in the absence of dilution and assume a constant parasite parameter. See the text for how the values are chosen. The left (a, c) shows the maximum parasite parameters are larger for Ae. albopictus, and the right (b, d) has smaller maximum parasite parameters. The top (a, b) shows smaller maximum parasite parameters for Ae. triseriatus and the bottom (c, d) larger values. All parameters are listed in Table 3