Figure 2
From: Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon)
Phylogenetic tree of Bartonella strains from deer ked and Japanese sika deer and other ruminants. The tree was produced using the maximum-likelihood method based on the General Time Reversible model. A discrete gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories [G, parameter = 0.4518]). Four representative strains (D8-Ked2.1, D8-Ked2.2, D13-Ked2.1 and D93-Ked3.1) from deer keds, 11 representative strains (Honshu-8.1, -9.1, -9.3, -11.1, -12.1, -16.1, -18.2, -18.5, -53.5, -58.5 and Yezo-25.1) from Japanese sika deer, the ruminant-associated Bartonella species (B. bovis 91-4T, B. capreoli IBS193T, B. capreoli B28980, B. chomelii A828T, B. schoenbuchensis R1T and candidatus B. melophagi K-2C) and several other known Bartonella species were included in the tree. The tree was rooted using Brucella melitensis strain 16MT as an outgroup. Bootstrap values with > 70% confidence are indicated at the tree nodes. Branch lengths are measured as the number of substitutions per site.