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Table 1 Parameter estimates for the infestation prevalence on bank voles indicating the probability to be infested with at least one tick, using a binomial distribution model

From: High-elevational occurrence of two tick species, Ixodes ricinus and I. trianguliceps, at their northern distribution range

Parameters

Estimate

Standard error

Z value

P value

Ixodes ricinus larvae

 Intercept

1.7429

0.5243

3.32

0.001

 Study area Lærdal

4.2441

0.5824

7.29

< 0.001

 Altitude

− 0.0044

0.0011

− 3.95

< 0.001

 Sex female

− 0.6724

0.1719

− 3.91

< 0.001

 Year 2018

− 0.7789

0.3780

− 2.06

0.039

 Season summer

− 0.6515

0.5701

− 1.14

0.253

 Season autumn

− 1.6039

0.6048

− 2.65

0.008

 Altitude: season summer

0.0012

0.0012

1.03

0.305

 Altitude: season autumn

− 0.0023

0.0014

− 1.59

0.112

 Study area Lærdal: altitude

− 0.0029

0.0009

− 3.39

0.001

 Study area Lærdal: season summer

− 0.7681

0.4656

− 1.65

0.099

 Study area Lærdal: season autumn

− 1.5402

0.5646

− 2.73

0.006

 Year 2018: season summer

− 0.6665

0.4740

− 1.41

0.160

 Year 2018: season autumn

1.4512

0.4858

2.99

0.003

Ixodes trianguliceps larvae

 Intercept

− 1.1554

0.2461

− 4.70

< 0.001

 Study area Lærdal

− 0.9831

0.1690

− 5.82

< 0.001

 Altitude

− 0.0011

0.0003

− 3.37

0.001

 Year 2018

0.9297

0.1785

5.21

< 0.001

 Season summer

0.0412

0.2257

0.18

0.855

 Season autumn

0.9133

0.2114

4.32

< 0.001

  1. Values in italics indicated significance for respective parameters
  2. Baseline for study area is Lifjell 2017, spring season and male voles