Fig. 2

Cluster analysis of functional activity data for six pyrethroids against cytochrome P450 (CYP) enyzmes (P450s) from African malaria vectors. a Inhibition data from the screening of six pyrethroids (scaffold structures indicated on the right of data panels) against a set of P450s are presented as a heat map. Target enzymes are arrayed along the x-axis, and each of the pyrethroids is arrayed along the y-axis. Colours indicate the inhibition potency of pyrethroids with an indicated variable scaffold for a designated target P450. Potent (hot) inhibitors are assigned a red colour, and weak or ineffective (cold) inhibitors are given a light-green colour. b Pyrethroid metabolism by the P450s most widely associated with resistance from Anopheles gambiae (CYP6M2 and CYP6P3) and An. funestus (CYP6P9a) is clustered and presented as a heat map. Pyrethroids susceptible to metabolism are assigned a red colour, and weak metabolism is denoted light green. Dendrograms were obtained by hierarchical clustering and indicate the degree of similarity as a function of the height of the lines connecting the profiles