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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of hematological, biochemical, enzyme activity analyses and cortisol determination, according to the serological and clinical status of cows in a dairy cattle herd endemically infected by bovine besnoitiosis

From: Exploring alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters, enzyme activities and serum cortisol in Besnoitia besnoiti naturally infected dairy cattle

Parameter

Unit

Seronegativea

Seropositivea

Range

Mean (SD)

Min–Max

Overall

Clinically affecteda

Mean (SD)

Min–Max

Mean (SD)

Min–Max

Hematology

 RBC

×106/µl

6.11 (0.73)

4.67–8.53

6.15 (0.67)

4.80–7.14

6.07 (0.66)

4.80–7.02

6–10

 Hb

g/dl

12.46 (1.55)

8.86–15.88

12.18 (1.75)

3.81–14.89

12.04 (2.01)

3.81–14.45

8–12

 Ht

%

26.77 (2.60)

20.70–31.80

27.35 (2.73)

22.20–32.40

26.69 (2.30)

22.20–30.80

20–35

 MCV

µ3

44.08 (3.97)

32.00–56.00

44.70 (3.22)

38.00–50.00

44.30 (3.45)

39.00–50.00

40–50

 MCH

pg

20.57 (2.91)

14.74–27.48

19.92 (3.12)

7.62–24.96

19.92 (3.46)

7.62–24.96

15–20

 MCHC

g/dl

46.74 (5.62)

35.95–62.35

44.64 (6.34)

17.17–56.71

45.08 (7.17)

17.17–56.71

30–40

 RDW

%

15.23 (0.99)

13.40–17.50

15.22 (0.79)

13.80–16.90

15.20 (0.84)

13.90–16.90

15–17

 WBC

×103/µl

9.35 (6.31)

2.70–48.10

9.69 (6.58)

4.70–37.20

9.70 (6.33)

4.70–35.80

6–12

 Lymphocytes

%

53.52 (13.69)

11.00–97.00

45.78 (18.53)b

12.00–88.00

46.48 (18.46)

12.00–86.00

55–85

 Granulocytes

%

46.48 (13.69)

3.00–89.00

54.22 (18.53)b

12.00–88.00

53.52 (18.46)

14.00–88.00

15–45

 PLT

×103/µl

307.77 (115.04)

17.10–490.00

286.41 (106.87)

90.00–557.00

286.74 (111.46)

90.00–557.00

200–800

 MPV

µ3

13.43 (35.35)

8.20–285.00

8.82 (0.32)

8.10–9.50

8.80 (0.30)

8.30–9.40

5–9

 Pct

%

0.28 (0.09)

0.07–0.43

0.25 (0.09)

0.08–0.47

0.25 (0.10)

0.08–0.47

0.1–0.4

 PDW

%

13.39 (13.00)

9.70–113.00

11.66 (1.05)

9.70–14.20

11.63 (1.17)

9.70–14.20

10–14

Biochemistry

 Total proteins

g/dl

8.73 (1.11)

6.30–11.50

8.34 (1.04)

5.60–10.50

8.28 (1.06)

5.60–10.50

5.9–7.7

 Albumin

g/dl

2.96 (0.52)

2.00–4.20

3.12 (0.60)

2.00–4.70

2.93 (0.52)

2.00–3.90

2.7–4.3

 Globulin

g/dl

5.78 (1.34)

2.90–8.90

5.22 (1.10)

3.20–7.70

5.36 (0.92)

3.60–6.80

1.6–5

 A/G ratio

 

0.56 (0.22)

0.26–1.28

0.63 (0.21)

0.31–1.19

0.56 (0.13)

0.37–0.82

0.7–1.5

 Total bilirubin

mg/dl

0.56 (0.36)

0.09–1.63

0.62 (0.84)

0.13–5.26

0.72 (1.05)

0.13–5.26

0.1–0.3

 Ca

mg/dl

9.56 (0.74)

7.00–11.10

9.54 (0.72)

7.10–10.80

9.40 (0.81)

7.10–10.80

7.9–10

 P

mg/dl

6.43 (1.21)

3.90–9.70

6.18 (1.21)

4.00–10.40

6.13 (1.35)

4.00–10.40

4.6–9

 Mg

mg/dl

2.14 (0.35)

1.38–3.10

2.15 (0.35)

1.22–2.93

2.17 (0.36)

1.22–2.65

1.4–2.3

 NEFA

mmol/l

0.32 (0.24)

0.06–1.05

0.34 (0.20)

0.09–0.76

0.33 (0.21)

0.12–0.76

0.4–0.8

 BOHB

mmol/l

0.64 (0.24)

0.29–1.54

0.60 (0.28)

0.05–1.48

0.65 (0.31)

0.05–1.48

0.03–0.3

 Lactate

mmol/l

2.82 (0.92)

1.47–5.23

2.81 (0.94)

1.10–5.39

2.78 (1.02)

1.10–5.39

< 2

Enzymes

 AST

U/l

74.40 (33.17)

43.00–252.00

74.07 (21.24)

47.00–159.00

75.26 (23.16)

48.00–159.00

48–100

 CK

U/l

303.58 (1278.29)

28.00–9971.00

173.76 (332.28)

37.00–2182.00

145.59 (161.06)

39.00–782.00

44–228

 LDH

U/l

870.42 (261.21)

434.00–2173.00

866.44 (253.36)

464.00–2113.00

904.44 (289.32)

535.00–2113.00

500–1500

 GLDH

U/l

33.42 (51.46)

6.40–367.00

31.49 (31.09)

0.00–137.70

36.69 (36.10)

0.00–137.70

< 20

Cortisol

ng/ml

6.81 (6.41)

0.77–35.48

9.11 (9.51)

0.56–43.86

8.54 (11.36)

0.56–43.86

< 10

  1. All hematology parameters are defined in Section Hematology; all biochemistry and enzymes parameters are defined in Section Biochemistry and enzyme activity of the Methods
  2. Min–Max, Minimum–Maximum values; SD, standard deviation
  3. aSerological status (seronegative or seropositive) was determined according to Western Blot results. Clinically affected cows refer to those animals showing clinical signs of the disease
  4. bLaboratory parameters significantly (P < 0.05) different vs. seronegative cows (Mann–Whitney U Test) are highlighted in italics