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Table 2 Results of the significative variables in the generalized linear models analysis regarding the variation in laboratory parameters according to B. besnoiti infection (seropositivity or clinical signs), number of parturitions and phase of lactation

From: Exploring alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters, enzyme activities and serum cortisol in Besnoitia besnoiti naturally infected dairy cattle

Response Variable

Predictor

Category

Mean (SD)

Min–Max

βa

Standard error of coefficients

Wald Chi-square

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

P value

Akaike information criterion

Lymphocytes

Seropositivity to B. besnoiti

Seronegative

53.52 (13.69)

11.00–97.00

0

  

1

 

80.636

Seropositive

45.78 (18.53)

12.00–88.00

− 0.08

0.03

6.30

0.93 (0.87–0.98)

0.012

Number of parturitionsb

Primiparous

48.67 (16.97)

12.00–97.00

0

  

1

 

Multiparous

51.19 (16.38)

11.00–88.00

− 0.022

0.410

0.284

0.978 (0.903–1.060)

0.594

Seropositivity to B. besnoiti

×

Number of parturitionsb

Seronegative

Primiparous

54.47 (14.36)

25.00–97.00

0

  

1

 

Seronegative

Multiparous

52.29 (13.83)

11.00–81.00

− 0.02

0.04

0.28

0.98 (0.90–1.06)

0.594

Seropositive

Primiparous

37.81 (16.51)

12.00–65.00

− 0.17

0.05

11.92

0.85 (0.77–0.93)

0.001

Seropositive

Multiparous

50.14 (18.70)

15.00–88.00

− 0.04

0.04

1.14

0.96 (0.88–1.04)

0.286

Clinical signs of besnoitiosis

Seronegative or asymptomatic seropositive cows

51.70 (16.12)

11–97

0

  

1

 

64.738

Clinically affected

47.88 (18.15)

12–86

− 0.15

0.05

7.26

0.86 (0.78–0.96)

0.007

Number of parturitionsb

Primiparous

48.67 (16.97)

12.00–97.00

0

  

1

 

Multiparous

51.19 (16.38)

11.00–88.00

− 0.146

0.0543

8.171

1.243 (1.071–1.444)

0.325

Clinical signs of besnoitiosis

×

Number of parturitionsb

Seronegative or asymptomatic seropositive cows Primiparous

53.39 (15.34)

21–97

0

  

1

 

Seronegative or asymptomatic seropositive cows Multiparous

49.86 (17.43)

11–88

− 0.03

0.04

0.80

0.96 (0.89–1.04)

0.370

Clinically affected Primiparous

38.75 (17.98)

12–65

− 0.15

0.05

7.26

0.86 (0.78–0.96)

0.007

Clinically affected

Multiparous

57.00 (13.55)

29–86

0.4

0.05

0.44

1.04 (0.93–1.15)

0.506

Granulocytes

Seropositivity to B. besnoiti

Seronegative

46.48 (13.69)

3.00–89.00

0

  

1

 

80.636

Seropositive

54.22 (18.53)

12.00–88.00

0.08

0.03

6.30

1.08 (1.02–1.15)

0.012

Number of parturitionsb

Primiparous

51.33 (16.97)

3.00–88.00

0

  

1

 

Multiparous

48.81 (16.38)

12.0–89.00

0.022

0.410

0.284

1.022 (0.943–1.107)

0.594

Seropositivity to B. besnoiti

×

Number of parturitions

Seronegative

Primiparous

45.53 (14.36)

3.00–65.00

0

  

1

 

Seronegative

Multiparous

47.71 (13.83)

19.00–89.00

0.02

0.04

0.28

1.02 (0.94–1.12)

0.594

Seropositive

Primiparous

62.19 (16.51)

35.00–88.00

0.17

0.05

11.92

1.18 (1.07–1.29)

0.001

Seropositive

Multiparous

49.86 (18.70)

12.00–85.00

0.04

0.04

1.14

1.04 (0.96–1.13)

0.286

Clinical signs of besnoitiosis

Seronegative or asymptomatic seropositive cows

48.30 (16.12)

3–89

0

  

1

 

64.738

Clinically affected

52.12 (18.15)

14–88

0.15

0.05

7.26

1.16 (1.04–1.29)

0.007

Number of parturitionsb

Primiparous

51.33 (16.97)

3.00–88.00

0

  

1

 

Multiparous

48.81 (16.38)

12.0–89.00

0.146

0.0543

8.171

1.158 (1.041–1.288)

0.325

Clinical signs of besnoitiosis

×

Number of parturitionsb

Seronegative or asymptomatic seropositive cows

Primiparous

46.61 (15.34)

3–79

0

  

1

 

Seronegative or asymptomatic seropositive cows

Multiparous

50.14 (17.43)

12–89

− 0.03

0.04

0.80

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

0.370

Clinically affected Primiparous

61.25 (17.98)

35–88

− 0.15

0.05

7.26

1.16 (1.04–1.29)

0.007

Clinically affected

Multiparous

43.00 (13.55)

14–71

0.4

0.05

0.44

0.96 (0.87–1.07)

0.506

Total proteins

Seropositivity to B. besnoiti

Seronegative

8.73 (1.11)

6.30–11.50

0

  

1

 

304.313

Seropositive

8.34 (1.04)

5.60–10.50

− 0.42

0.20

4.30

0.66 (0.44–0.98)

0.038

Phase of lactationc

Early

8.40 (0.98)a

6.30–10.20

0

  

1

 

Mid

8.38 (1.06)a

5.60–11.00

− 0.02

0.26

0.00

0.98 (0.59–1.61)

0.930

Late

9.13 (1.02)

7.40–11.50

0.72

0.28

6.84

2.06 (1.19–3.54)

0.009

Dry

8.27 (1.26)a

6.30–10.50

− 0.13

0.35

0.13

0.88 (0.44–1.76)

0.717

Albumin

Seropositivity to B. besnoiti

Seronegative

2.96 (0.52)

2.00–4.20

0

  

1

 

153.895

Seropositive

3.12 (0.60)

2.00–4.70

0.23

0.09

5.75

1.26 (1.04–1.52)

0.017

Phase of lactationc

Early

2.99 (0.50)a

2.1–3.9

0

  

1

 

Mid

2.88 (0.42)a

2.00–4.00

− 0.11

0.12

0.86

0.89 (0.70–1.14)

0.354

Late

2.98 (0.65)a

2.00–4.70

− 0.00

0.13

0.00

0.99 (0.76–1.29)

0.951

Dry

3.68 (0.34)

2.90–4.20

0.69

0.17

16.60

2.00 (1.43–2.79)

0.000

Globulin

Seropositivity to B. besnoiti

Seronegative

5.78 (1.34)

2.90–8.90

0

  

1

 

326.879

Seropositive

5.22 (1.10)

3.20–7.70

− 0.65

0.22

8.21

0.52 (0.34–0.81)

0.004

Phase of lactationc

Early

5.41 (1.14)a

3.80–8.00

0

  

1

 

Mid

5.50 (1.15)a

3.60–8.70

0.09

0.29

0.09

1.09 (0.62–1.95)

0.754

Late

6.14 (1.27)

4.40–8.90

0.73

0.31

5.36

2.08 (1.12–3.86)

0.021

Dry

4.59 (1.35)

2.90–7.60

− 0.82

0.40

4.11

0.44 (0.19–0.97)

0.043

A/G ratio

Seropositivity to B. besnoiti

Seronegative

0.56 (0.22)

0.26–1.28

0

  

1

 

42.458

Seropositive

0.63 (0.21)

0.31–1.19

0.10

0.04

7.76

1.11 (1.03–1.19)

0.005

Phase of lactationc

Early

0.58 (0.19)a

0.27–1.00

0

  

1

 

Mid

0.55 (0.16)a

0.26–0.95

− 0.35

0.05

0.53

0.97 (0.88–1.06)

0.466

Late

0.52 (0.21)a

0.29–1.04

− 0.65

0.05

1.59

0.94 (0.85–1.04)

0.207

Dry

0.87 (0.26)

0.38–1.27

0.28

0.06

18.74

1.33 (1.17–1.51)

0.000

GLDH

Clinical signs of besnoitiosis

Seronegative or asymptomatic seropositive cows

31.22 (48.68)

6.4–367

0

  

1

 

33.850

Clinically affected

39.86 (37.10)

0.00–137.7

0.14

0.07

4.51

1.15 (1.01–1.31)

0.034

Number of parturitionsb

Primiparous

37.72 (36.78)

0.00–163.9

0.14

0.06

6.04

1.15 (1.03–1.29

0.014

Multiparous

23.20 (18.64)

6.4–82

0

  

1

 
  1. Descriptive statistics of the considered parameters were also included
  2. Mean (SD) values of each parameter per each phase of lactation followed by lowercase letter ‘a’ are statistically different from other values without lowercase letter ‘a’ at P value < 0.05 (generalized linear models analysis, pairwise comparison), while they are not statistically different from each other (P value > 0.05, GLM, pairwise comparison)
  3. aCoefficient
  4. bThe number of parturitions was classified as follows: Primiparous  =  one parturition, Multiparous = two or more parturitions
  5. cThe phase of lactation was classified as follows: Early = 0–120 days, Mid = 121–250 days, Late = 251–305 days, and Dry
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